Comprehensive Mental Health Assessment Essay

I: Identifying Data. Ashley K. is a 23-year old white female who was admitted to Warner Transitional Services on 11/21/12. II: Chief Complaint. â€Å" I am a little anxious and upset right now. IDTC in Lafayette could not do anything for me†. III: Informants. Assessment information was provided by patient. Interview was conducted in a private room along with psychiatrist, and lead clinician. Other sources used for this evaluation included documents from her previous two placements. IV: Reason for Consultation. Client was referred to Warner Transitional Services by Indiana Developmental Training Center of Lafayette. She became a candidate for Warner’s program due to her progression through treatment, improved behaviors, and being able to function at a higher level than most patients at her previous placement. Patient was discharged from state hospital and transferred to facility. Patient will most likely remain at Warner until she can be transitioned into a group home. The treatment team believes that Warner’s program can improve her overall functioning. The team also believes that she can benefit from a more group orientated, and less restrictive environment. V: History of Present Illness. The information obtained in the assessment, and previous records leads me to assume the patient has had a very complex history. Documents obtained paint Ashley as being known for manipulation, and making up stories. During the interview she was often vivid and graphic when she began to describe details. Also, as she told her story redirection was often needed to stay focused on the question discussed. She tends to want to answer questions with questions, and seemed to prefer elaborating on certain topics, rather than progress and complete the interview. Ashley was forthcoming with information stating â€Å" I usually mess up by hurting myself when I talk, or hear from my family†. She then rolled up her shirt and showed me a bunch of superficial cuts on her right arm. Patient seems to be a good story teller, but a poor historian. During the assessment process the treatment team was somewhat confused as to if some of the historical details provided were derived from Ashley herself, previous documents, or family members. VI: Psychiatric History. Ashley has historical diagnoses of PTSD and major depression, made at the age of seven. St. Joseph County DCS became involved with her in 1999 due to substantiated physical abuse by her father. The very next year she was seen in the emergency room for a 25 pound weight loss sustained in one month. At this time Ashley reported sexual abuse by her father. The patient’s father previously had been investigated for molesting a neighbor’s child. As a result, the patient and her siblings were removed from the home, and made wards of the state. At some point they were returned to the home then Ashley’s sisters made allegations that she had been â€Å"humping† them. In 2004 Ashley was once again declared a Child In Need Of Services. Since then, patient behavior has been difficult to manage. She has a documented history of defiance, property destruction, aggression, and self-harm. As a result, Ashley has had multiple psychiatric hospitalizations in various locations throughout the state of Indiana. VII: Medical History. Patient has no known drug allergies, no surgical history, and achieved developmental milestones on time. Patient currently suffers from hypertension, GERD, and obesity. She is prescribed Toprol XL 25mg for HTN, and Zantac 150mg for GERD management. Upon admission she was given a TB skin test, ordered a CBC with diff, CMP, and TSH. All results were unremarkable. Patient is scheduled to have vision testing, and her wisdom teeth removed bilaterally sometime in December 2012. VIII: Social History and Premorbid Personality. As mentioned above the patient experienced significant trauma, and was removed from the home at very early age. Most of her social interactions have been in an institutional setting. Previous records indicate she has a history of poor relationships with peers and staff at various placements. She is described as unable to tolerate having other peers receive attention from staff. When questioned, Ashley admitted that she would physically intrude, make up stories, and fake illnesses so people would pay attention to her. She also admits to belittling, and taking advantage of lower functioning peers while in various placements. A review of education documents show that she has received special education services for many years for a learning disability, and emotional handicap. Ashley stated she graduated from special education classes while at Madison State Hospital, but was often escorted back to unit for being aggressive, and using profanity. Also, while at IDTC-Lafayette she completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III. This yielded a full scale IQ of 69; verbal, 77; and performance,63. The patient has no children, has never been employed, and she verbalized a sexual preference of both men and women. When I asked her about any substance abuse she began to tell stories about eating a half of pound of marijuana, and â€Å"sniffing† crack-cocaine daily. She also stated that she drinks â€Å"a lot†, but she was unable to describe the type of alcohol, or quantify the amount. IX: Family History The patient has two younger sisters, and their whereabouts are unknown at this time. Ashley’s biological parents are reported to have a history of â€Å"significant substance abuse†. Her father has a history of legal issues including charges of molestation, and drug trafficking. Her mother reportedly is a babysitter. In 2010 Ashley’s judge ordered that the family no longer have contact due to constantly attempting to sabotage treatment, telling her not to comply, and making her promises that never materialized. During the interview the patient looked down at the ground as she spoke slowly about her family, and it seemed to be uncomfortable for her. She stated that she has not spoken with, or seen anyone in her family since 2009. X: Mental Status Exam The patient is overweight with light brown hair that was pulled back in a pony tail. She had a bright affect, and was rather intrusive socially. She had no tics or abnormal movements, and made good eye contact. Ashley denied any current suicidal/homicidal ideation, but endorsed psychosis. She stated that she hears, and has visions of a staff from her previous placement during the day and night, but has not seen her as of today. She identified her mood as depressed and agitated due to a new placement. Patient cognitive functioning seemed to be impaired. She was orientated to the month, but thinks it is still 2011. She stated the current president was George Bush, refused to count from five backwards, and did not seem to know the difference between a tomato and apple. She did not appear to give much effort in answering cognitive questions, and told me she has a bad memory. Also, the patient’s insight and judgment appear to be poor at the time of assessment. . X1: Dynamic Formation Ashley has suffered from a lot of trauma due to very early physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. Also, she basically became an adult behind institution walls. Over the last several years she has been in various residential programs, and has struggled with this process. Ashley’s past and present all indicate that she will need psychiatric services for a very long time, possibly the remainder of her life. Hopefully, Warner Transitional Services can and improve her overall functioning, so that she can move on to an independent living program. XII Assets and Strengths/ Holistic Nursing Assessment. Ashley is a healthy young adult with the capacity to change. If somehow over time she can learn to use the services provided to her advantage, she could very well possibly return to the community one day. XIII: Multiaxial Psychiatric Diagnoses. Axis I: Mood Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (296.90) . Rule out PTSD . Intermittent Explosive Disorder (312.34) Axis II: Mild Mental Retardation (317) Axis III: Hypertension, GERD, and Obesity. Axis IV: Placement issues and no family contact per court. Axis V: GAF was 35 upon admission. XIV: Nursing Diagnoses. I: Risk for Violence Self –Directed Or Other-Directed. Diagnosis is related to history of self –harm, aggressive behaviors, cognitive impairment, and emotional problems ( Varcarolis, 2011). Although she has only been at Warner for a week, staff reported that she has attempted to destroy furniture on the unit. Staff also reported that she punched herself in the stomach yesterday while in the cafeteria. II: Ineffective Coping. Diagnosis is related to historically deficient family/peer support system, and poor impulse control (Varcarolis, 2011). Staff on the unit reports that she becomes negative with any re-direction, especially completing morning ADL’s. III: Chronic Low Self-Esteem. This diagnosis is related to her perceived lack of belonging and a history of disturbed relationships with family, peers, and staff in previous placements (Varcarolis, 2011). During her initial psychiatric evaluation she seemed depressed, and did not verbalize anything positive about h erself. XV: Treatment Plan. I: Give routine psychotropic and PRN medications as ordered by DR. Osman. The patient is currently prescribed Lexapro, Lamictal, and Trazodone daily. Vistaril and Haldol were ordered as needed for agitation/anxiety. II: Inform nurses on duty to complete Suicide Assessment Tool daily until patient is able to process off suicide precautions. Physician/APN on-call is to be notified within 30 minutes if patient is placed in a therapeutic physical hold. III: Educate staff about patients Transition Behavioral Support Plan. Encourage staff to use pro-active, encouraging, and preventative strategies while working with patients. Emergency medication and physical restraint are used only if patient become a danger to self/others. IV: Encourage patient to participate in all associated milieu groups while in treatment. Patient can improve her overall independent, social, and coping skills with consistent positive reinforcement. V: Continue with current antihypertensive and GERD medications as ordered by medical physician. Refer patient to physician for issues/problems related to diagnoses of hypertension and GERD. Refer patient to dietitian for weight, and dietary management. References. Varcarolis, E. (2011 – 4th). Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Plans. New York: Elsevier/ 9781437717822 American Psychiatric Association DSM-TR (Text Revision) (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association

Marketing Essay

Marketing: a useful tool for Success Kevin Quinones University of Phoenix Marketing: a useful Tool for Success When you hear stories of how successful a firm is you are probably wondering what actions did they take to achieve this pinnacle? There is more significance in that question then you may think. Certain elements lie behind the work of that firm’s success through strategic planning. This strategic planning may affiliated with finance, internal operations or marketing. However, today I am only going to discuss one strategic element and that is marketing. When I first think of marketing, what comes to mind is billboards or advertisements in a magazine, on a commercial or a cereal box? I thought that marketing was simple; just put your product out there as much as possible and create a market trend. Needless to say I found that marketing was much more then advertisement. Marketing deals with identifying and meeting human needs otherwise known as â€Å"meeting needs profitably†. Moreover, when you are dealing with marketing you are analyzing people to decide your target market. You want to determine when people will buy, what type of product they will buy, what type of look they will buy and how will you get your message across that you have what they are looking for. Importance of Marketing There are many other reasons why marketing is such a crucial element to a company; let’s go back to finance shall we? Ask yourself this question: would a company finance a project that is not going to bring a high rate of equity? Marketing is often a key element when it comes to finance operations so if there isn’t a sufficient demand for the products a project can produce then why produce it? I will use my company as an example to paint a better picture. Nexans I work for Nexans, who are global experts in cable systems and distribute power and telecommunication wire throughout the U. S. Lately we have invested in many projects for new machinery that are in the process of being installed and programmed to produce certain types of finished goods. These finished goods are at a high demand in the market as of today and we are considering it a very well thought-out investment that will increase company capital. The company will make money once they are up and running because demand is high for the products and this is what makes marketing so very important. Nintendo When Nintendo came out with the Nintendo Wii their target market was so versatile that it almost seemed it would never work. The intricate design of the Wii sparked a gaming interaction unlike none other before. The thought of playing a video game and barely pressing any buttons sounds too futuristic, but designer Shigeru Miyamoto did just that by creating a game the was intended to give players the freedom to do responsive actions with the Wii remote. So how exactly did Nintendo use a marketing plan to spread the word? According to chmielewski of the L. A. Times, Nintendo used an Ambassador strategy where they went to six major cities in the U. S. and gave Nintendo Wii’s out to three different groups. a core gamer/loyalist who would sing the praises of the system to other gamers; a large multi-generational family, where everyone from the kids to the grandparents could take turns with the Wii remote; and an alpha mom, who would presumably spread the word at schoolyards, soccer fields and her neighborhood. † Nintendo targeted people that were influential in their community and this influence would spread the word like flash fires. Verizon Verizon used marketing as a tool to targe t ‘tweens and teens from ages 8-11 and 12-19. Verizon created. The importance of Verizon’s vision relied heavily on finding the right sponsors to reach these target groups. Verizon used sponsors such as N’Sync summer concerts, MTV’s â€Å"Real World† and Nick online (Prnewswire, 2009). Through the use of these market segments and other influential tools to reach out to the youth is one of the reasons why Verizon is one of the biggest cellular corporation in the United States. Marketing is a fundamental tool that can be used to drive the success of any business for it deals with meeting the needs and wants of everyday consumers. The importance that marketing has on a firm should not be taken lightly for without any knowledge of marketing whatsoever, projects and products alike would fail miserably. Nexans used marketing as a variable tool to weigh investment decisions, while Nintendo used marketing to show how versatile their gaming concepts were to a vast audience. Moreover Verizon used marketing to target specific groups and used sponsors to dive their message across in the most likely of places those target customers would be affiliated with. These are all examples of how important marketing is, how would you use it? References Chmielewski, D. (2009, December, 5). Marketing Moms. Los Angelas Times. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://articles. latimes. com Prnewswire. (2009). Verizon Marketing Executive to Share How Teens and ‘Tweens Spark Telecom Leader's Marketing. PR Newswire Association LLC. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://www. prnewswire. com ———————– Marketing 2 Marketing Essay Marketing: a useful tool for Success Kevin Quinones University of Phoenix Marketing: a useful Tool for Success When you hear stories of how successful a firm is you are probably wondering what actions did they take to achieve this pinnacle? There is more significance in that question then you may think. Certain elements lie behind the work of that firm’s success through strategic planning. This strategic planning may affiliated with finance, internal operations or marketing. However, today I am only going to discuss one strategic element and that is marketing. When I first think of marketing, what comes to mind is billboards or advertisements in a magazine, on a commercial or a cereal box? I thought that marketing was simple; just put your product out there as much as possible and create a market trend. Needless to say I found that marketing was much more then advertisement. Marketing deals with identifying and meeting human needs otherwise known as â€Å"meeting needs profitably†. Moreover, when you are dealing with marketing you are analyzing people to decide your target market. You want to determine when people will buy, what type of product they will buy, what type of look they will buy and how will you get your message across that you have what they are looking for. Importance of Marketing There are many other reasons why marketing is such a crucial element to a company; let’s go back to finance shall we? Ask yourself this question: would a company finance a project that is not going to bring a high rate of equity? Marketing is often a key element when it comes to finance operations so if there isn’t a sufficient demand for the products a project can produce then why produce it? I will use my company as an example to paint a better picture. Nexans I work for Nexans, who are global experts in cable systems and distribute power and telecommunication wire throughout the U. S. Lately we have invested in many projects for new machinery that are in the process of being installed and programmed to produce certain types of finished goods. These finished goods are at a high demand in the market as of today and we are considering it a very well thought-out investment that will increase company capital. The company will make money once they are up and running because demand is high for the products and this is what makes marketing so very important. Nintendo When Nintendo came out with the Nintendo Wii their target market was so versatile that it almost seemed it would never work. The intricate design of the Wii sparked a gaming interaction unlike none other before. The thought of playing a video game and barely pressing any buttons sounds too futuristic, but designer Shigeru Miyamoto did just that by creating a game the was intended to give players the freedom to do responsive actions with the Wii remote. So how exactly did Nintendo use a marketing plan to spread the word? According to chmielewski of the L. A. Times, Nintendo used an Ambassador strategy where they went to six major cities in the U. S. and gave Nintendo Wii’s out to three different groups. a core gamer/loyalist who would sing the praises of the system to other gamers; a large multi-generational family, where everyone from the kids to the grandparents could take turns with the Wii remote; and an alpha mom, who would presumably spread the word at schoolyards, soccer fields and her neighborhood. † Nintendo targeted people that were influential in their community and this influence would spread the word like flash fires. Verizon Verizon used marketing as a tool to targe t ‘tweens and teens from ages 8-11 and 12-19. Verizon created. The importance of Verizon’s vision relied heavily on finding the right sponsors to reach these target groups. Verizon used sponsors such as N’Sync summer concerts, MTV’s â€Å"Real World† and Nick online (Prnewswire, 2009). Through the use of these market segments and other influential tools to reach out to the youth is one of the reasons why Verizon is one of the biggest cellular corporation in the United States. Marketing is a fundamental tool that can be used to drive the success of any business for it deals with meeting the needs and wants of everyday consumers. The importance that marketing has on a firm should not be taken lightly for without any knowledge of marketing whatsoever, projects and products alike would fail miserably. Nexans used marketing as a variable tool to weigh investment decisions, while Nintendo used marketing to show how versatile their gaming concepts were to a vast audience. Moreover Verizon used marketing to target specific groups and used sponsors to dive their message across in the most likely of places those target customers would be affiliated with. These are all examples of how important marketing is, how would you use it? References Chmielewski, D. (2009, December, 5). Marketing Moms. Los Angelas Times. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://articles. latimes. com Prnewswire. (2009). Verizon Marketing Executive to Share How Teens and ‘Tweens Spark Telecom Leader's Marketing. PR Newswire Association LLC. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://www. prnewswire. com ———————– Marketing 2

Methodological Rigor Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Methodological Rigor - Assignment Example Self-selection develops when there is no representation of the samples. The self-selection process gives discretion to the subjects to belong to any group without proper consideration of representation (Vogt, 2007). Essentially, subjects in the study can decide the group to belong, or individuals may assign themselves. The third threat to validity in quantitative research is the volunteer effects (Vogt, 2007). The threat develops when individuals do not give consent for them to be studied. The subjects who participate in the study give different information from the ones who do not give consent. The communication among subjects exhibits multiple complications and can extensively alter information. Maturation occurs due to more time being spent in a study. History effect is a validity threat because it results in extended time being surpassed during a research study (Christensen et al., 2011). There are diverse ways through which the inherent validity threats to quantitative research can be mitigated. Vogt (2007) notes that it is important for a researcher to individual assign subjects to respective groups to deter self-selection. Subjects should be screened carefully to avoid attrition effect. History effect is a fundamental problem that can be dealt with by ensuring that the measurements are taken on every interval. Subjects should not be allowed to control the proceedings of a study (Vogt, 2007). Statistical power refers to the capability of a test to determine with precision an effect and the authenticity of its existence (Black, 1999). Statistical power aid in reducing type I and II errors by correctly determining existence of a relationship or effect (Black, 1999). Ideally, it reduces the incorrect rejection of a null hypothesis in type I error (Peck et al., 2011). Consequently, it reduces the rejection of a null hypothesis because it correctly determines the

Human resources management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human resources management - Essay Example As such, human assets are the fundamental operational structures within an organization, and other assets to the company, such as land, capital, and resources, only come in as supplementary resources for the productivity of the company. The organization’s main goal is to develop the wisdom, skills, as well as ability of its work force in order to enhance its efficiency and experience (Chidambaram & Ramachandran 2012, p. 279). The second article deals with cultural influence on the investment strategies of the firm, as well as on the training and development program of its workers. In most cases, especially where the location of the firm depends on labor from locals who do not have the proper kind of civilization as well as modernization, the company will have to suffer serious cultural influences from the hosts. For instance, a firm located in the Maasailand in Kenya would have to incorporate the deep Maasai culture into its organizational practices because these workers still uphold their traditional practices. These include a company dress code that permits the Maasai workers to adorn their full or partial cultural dress code, such as red khangas, or ornaments, or ear piercing for men, which in some cases in very uncouth for formality amongst most men, especially in the modern culture (Chowhan, Cooke, Karlene & Zeutinoglu 2008, p.26). The third article focuses on the way line managers involve themselves in the training and development programs of their employees. The increase of line mangers participation in the involvement of learning and development of its workers plays a critical role in changing the relationships that exist between managers and the human resource. These in most cases are advantageous signs especially because the line managers get to learn the exact personality, skills, and level of expertise of each of their employee. As such, they are able to assist them to become better workers by assisting them to develop their weaker areas. Eve ntually, this leads to enhanced productivity within the company in general; all thanks to the support, each worker receives from the management to improve their skills and prowess. Furthermore, the workers also develop deeper confidence and trust into the managerial level of their organization, as well as enable them to take initiative in order to undertake their duties and responsibilities at the organization (Eduardo & Rebecca 2011, p.16). The fourth article deals with the transfer of training skills and capacities from the worker to the organization, so that the company may enjoy the benefits of their trained workers. This is however not the case in many organizations as they often fail to transfer the knowledge from their trained workers after using billions of dollars for their development. These transfer problems make it impossible for these workers to put into practice the new skills that they learned through their training, especially basing on the characteristics of trainin g, which include self-efficacy, motivation, cognitive ability, as well as perceived utility of training. As such, a company should always ensure that all its trained employees put back into the company what they learnt through their training programs sponsored by the company (Gibb 2003, 291). The last article deals with the effect of on-the-job training offered to low paid workers in the state of Canada. It is evident that on-job-training is a very

Criminal Justice System Structure Research Paper

Criminal Justice System Structure - Research Paper Example The basic goal behind the establishment of a uniform criminal justice system in America was to maintain social control. The criminal justice system in America is comprised of different components that work together to maintain justice in the society. The main aim is to provide justice to criminals, victims of crimes and to bring law violators in a fair trial through upright and legitimate system U.S criminal justice system is unique in its own way. According to this system, a person under trail remains innocent till the time he is proven guilty. As a result, criminals or offenders hold the right to defend themselves under fair and regular trial. U.S criminal justice system ensures that criminals receive justice without being abused or punished brutally.The History of the U.S Criminal Justice System: Criminal justice systems are implemented to ensure the protection of citizens. Religion and philosophers had established a great influence on the U.S criminal justice system during coloni al American times. Ever since from its inception, the U.S criminal justice system has ensured that any person accused of an offense would receive a fair trial. With the passage of time, the U.S criminal justice laws have become more defined and standardized for the entire citizens. Today criminals in U.S receive more benefits and rights as compare to the early days of its inception.  Basic Components of the Criminal Justice System: There are five main components of the U.S criminal justice system.... These five components are: 1- Local Law Enforcement: Local law enforcement bodies constitute of police and other crime controlling authorities. Anyone who faces crime reports to these bodies. Police play an important role in providing initial justice to the victim. Police also play an effective role in dealing with low level crimes such as high speeding or trespassing. These low level crimes can be resolved directly by the involvement of the police (Walker, 1977). For severe offenses, the police precede the victims of the crimes and the offender to the court system for fair smooth trial. 2- Court Trial: Court trial is considered as the second important step after the criminal enters into the legal system. The police, the investigative bodies or the witnesses present the evidences, documents or other facts to the prosecutor. It depends on the prosecutor what to decide for the offender. If the violator is charged for his criminal actions then it is preceded by a court case. 3- Court Ca se: Court case is the most important component of the U.S criminal justice system. The case is brought before a judge in a court. If the offender is proven guilty and his offenses are minor then it depends on the judge what he decides for the offender. Sometimes the judge offers a small punishment and the case is over. However, if the offender is involved in a severe crime or if the offender pleads â€Å"not guilty† then the entire case is followed (Walker, 1980). 4- Trial and Role of Grand Jury: Grand jury also plays an important role in differentiating the guilty souls from the innocent. Grand jury hears from both sides and decides which party should be proven guilty or not guilty after analyzing and making their own observations.

INDIVIDUAL CASE STUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

INDIVIDUAL CASE STUDY - Essay Example Thus its organizational culture and leadership strategies are reflected in its focused strategic initiatives such as SWOT, PESTEL analysis and so on. However its leadership related and organizational culture centric problems have been highlighted in order to focus attention on its current level of operations. Business strategy is defined as the longer term directional thrust of the organization with specific focus of attention on resource capability enhancement strategies to achieve organizational goals in a competitive environment to satisfy stakeholders’ demands (Johnson and Scholes, 2002). The Real Chocolate Company Inc. has been in business for approximately three decades and now has become one of the top hundred fastest growing small public companies in the USA. Its concentration on gourmet niche chocolate market in the US is particularly significant against the backdrop of ever increasing diversity and complexity of the gourmet chocolate industry. With almost 300 chocolates in the portfolio and a further 100 turned out on special occasions like the Valentine’s Day, the company has achieved a marvelous feat of targeting every segment of the gourmet chocolate market. The company’s success is determined by the quality and strange enough the quantity of the product. With a gamut of popular proprietary recipes of its own, the company has positioned itself in the US market with unparalleled success. Its use of the best ingredients and chocolates has led to the current wave of demand for its caramel-coated apples, truffles, toffees and fudges among others which include even a range of sugar-free sweets. The company has been marketing a health-centric line of products to the health conscious customer. According to the National Confectioners’ Association (NCA) in 2006 alone the retail sales of confectionery topped $ 28.9 billion in the US while that of retail chocolate

French ban on full face veils Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

French ban on full face veils - Essay Example The ban has been in operation since its enactment in April 2011 and previously let to the arrest of women protesting the conviction of a feminist Russian pussy riot. Wearing of full-face veil is a requirement and practice by the female gender in Muslim religion, and, therefore, imposing a ban on such, would ideally, be an infringement on the rights of the Muslin women’s rights as stated by the critics of such a law. Application of such a law would instead bring about tension among the proponents and the opponents; however, after a year of application, tolerance of both the Muslim women and the police has played a significant role in cooling temperatures of the perceived tension. Indeed, in an era in which terrorism has become a global concern, taking of security measures is crucial aspect, and, as such, France took the initiative of banning the wearing of full-face veil commonly known as niqab as a means of enhancing security. Based on such a perspective, other nations including Belgium and the Dutch are in the process of enacting a similar law that bans the use of full-face veils, especially in public places. Since the law banning the wearing of full-face veil among women was enacted in France, it has resulted in fines warnings by the police who are equally hesitant in the implementation of law citing the tension aspects associated with its full implementation. Most of the women on their part have been cooperative with the police by lifting up their veils upon requests by the police. Such an approach has indeed enhanced peace between the two sides, except for some few cases when conflict seems to erupt between police and some Muslim women. In its initial role, the law banning the wearing of full-face veil involved an aspect of enhancing security and protecting the women from improper accusations and suspicion as terrorists, instead the law seems to have become a prison for a majority of the women, as most prefer to stay indoors as a means of avoiding police

Formation of a Legally Binding Business Contract Essay - 3

Formation of a Legally Binding Business Contract - Essay Example It is important to consider what constitutes a valid offer. There are various statements which seem like offers but actually not offer. A distinction must be among offer, invitation to offer, an invitation to treat. Jess advertised a second-hand van for sale on a car trade website for  £2650. This is not an offer but a mere invitation to offer. This means that if anyone shows interest in the van, Jess reserves the right of refusing to sell it. As seen in the given case, Mr. Powell showed interest in the van but Jess told him that she would sell it if any other customer came before him. The interest shown by Mr. Powell was the actual offer but it was not accepted by Jess. Jess agreed to sell the van to him but she qualified her acceptance by saying that she would sell the van to any customer that came before him. A qualified acceptance is not a valid acceptance which is why they did not have any agreement yet. Mr. Powell told Jess that he would pay  £450 in advance if she did not sell the van to any customer for three days. Normally, when general offers are made, the offeror is not bound to keep the offer open for any particular offeree. However, when an offeree agrees to pay a consideration for keeping the offer open for a certain period, the offeror becomes bound to keep it open for the stipulated period as seen in Dickinson v Dodds. Mr. Powell has obtained a promise with the consideration of  £450 from Jess that she would keep the offer to sell the van to Mr. Powell open for three days. Now Jess and Mr. Powell have an agreement that is separate from that of selling of the van. Another important fact is that Jess’ invitation to offer turned into an offer during this negotiation. It is because anyone could have made an offer to Jess before she promised to keep her offer open.

Tay-sachs disease Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tay-sachs disease - Case Study Example The type of information that the Trosacks would get from each member would definitely be markedly different. For example, the nurse would probably be available in a capacity that was strictly in order to help Mrs. Trosack learn more about her pregnancy and the practical issues that might arise with the responsibilities she were to accept the challenge to be a mother to a Tay-Sachs child. In terms of the geneticist, the geneticist would be able to logically explain why their unborn child has Tay-Sachs, not to mention how he or she would genetically break down the facts in order to help explain to the couple about how the recessive gene on the paternal side needs to be available for both parents to be carriers. The doctor would probably talk about the main effects of the illness on the child and what kind of treatment would be needed. The chaplain would be available for moral support. 2. Teaching Plan For the Trosacks’ Initial a. Genetic Diagnosis The diagnosis of Tay-Sachs is, fortunately, one clear-cut fact. According to NINDS Tay-Sachs Disease Information Page (2011), â€Å"Patients and carriers of Tay-Sachs disease can be identified by a simple blood test that measures beta-hexosaminidase A activity. Both parents must carry the mutated gene in order to have an affected child. [Given these circumstances, usually] there is a 25 percent chance†¦that [their] child will be affected with Tay-Sachs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pgh. 2). b. Treatment The treatment of Tay-Sachs is probably going to be aggressive in nature.

Business Management Techniques Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Management Techniques - Assignment Example Costing accuracy is the main advantage of this type of activity. Companies allocate cost simply to the products that involve production activities. Hence this activity helps in eliminating allocation of costs that are irrelevant to the product. Other benefits of this type of activity to the business include an easy understanding of cost for inside administration, the potentiality to facilitate benchmarking and a better appreciative of overhead costs. This system of costing also supports the management performance and the scorecard. Besides these, this type of costing does integrate well with programs put in place for continuous improvements by the company.This method is widely used by companies in allocating its cost, the challenging part is the implementation. Putting into practice this kind of costing system within a company involves considerable resources. This can be a disadvantage for businesses with inadequate funds. Another challenge of using this costing method is that it can be misinterpreted. Based on our scenario of production of manual and automatic data, we can identify various issues arising. For instance a decrease in production volume from 1500 to 500, the cost of direct material increased from â‚ ¬20@unit to â‚ ¬30@unit, a clear indicator that the costing of this is very accurate. Under the activity based production analysis of the company, we can see differences in the packaging and delivery cost. The differences that occur between the packaging and delivery is due to activity-based costing.... This means that this system of costing is inaccurate in relation to increasing over head cost. This has made Activity based costing to become an alternative replacement to the traditional method in allocation of cost (Drury, 70). Advantages of Activity based costing Costing accuracy is the main advantage of this type of activity. Companies allocate cost simply to the products that involve production activities. Hence this activity helps in eliminating allocation of costs that are irrelevant to the product. Other benefits of this type of activity to the business include easy understanding of cost for inside administration, the potentiality to facilitate benchmarking and a better appreciative of overhead costs. This system of costing also supports the management performance and the scorecard. Besides these, this type of costing does integrate well with programs put in place for continuous improvements by the company (Drury, 120). Although this method is widely used by companies in allo cating its cost, the challenging part is the implementation. Putting into practice this kind of costing system within a company involves considerable resources. This can be a disadvantage for businesses with inadequate funds. Another challenge of using this costing method is that it can be misinterpreted. Based on our scenario of production of manual and automatic data, we can identify various issues arising. For instance a decrease in production volume from 1500 to 500, the cost of direct material increased from â‚ ¬20@unit to â‚ ¬30@unit, a clear indicator that the costing of this is very accurate. Under the activity based production analysis of the company, we can see differences in the packaging and delivery

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families Program Essay Example for Free

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families Program Essay The Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program was a direct response to overhaul the image of welfare programs. In 1996, it replaced such programs as Aid to Families with dependent Children (AFDC), the Job Opportunity and Basic Skills training program (JOBS) and the Emergency Assistance Program (EA). The objective of TANF was to implement useful policies from the previous three programs and present an effective welfare plan based not only on needs but presentation of policies that involved job preparation and improving conditions for work and a stable marriage (About TANF). The goals of this program are further summarized including assistance to needed families so that the children can be cared for at homes, promotion of social opportunities, prevention of out-of-wedlock pregnancies and encouraging the maintenance of two parent families. To achieve its objective, the US government adjusted the system to be administered through various State, territories and tribal agencies instead of a direct supervision by the Federal government. The primary reason for such a decision was to distribute the program funding in a more effective manner and hold each regulating body responsible for fulfilling the objectives of TANF. For this very purpose, the TANF Bureau was formed which comprises of five separate divisions including a Division of State TANF Policy dedicated to role out policies and guidance; Division of State and Territory TANF Management to provide technical assistance; Division of Data Collection Analysis that deals with the statistical analysis of the collected data; Division of Tribal TANF Management which deals with all aspects of tribal matters pertaining to the program and TANF Bureau Regional Program Units that provides technical and management links between the State and other administration blocks. Difference in Policies What differentiates this welfare program for its predecessors is the fact that TANF ends the open ended requirement of AFDC for automatic assistance but instead provides grants based on work requirements for a majority of recipients. It also initiates a time limit for the distribution of grant in order to stop the otherwise ineffective distribution and dependence on State’s funding. Under a unified umbrella of policies, TANF has implemented different policies to better answer the critics of welfare system by designing new rules for qualification and introducing time constraints to prevent future generation from such grants by helping them gain financial freedom. Almost every aspect of old system is challenged by proposing new policies for child care, legal immigrants, food stamp program and Supplementary Security Income. While TANF is not a perfect program but it will not be an oversimplification to state that the wide ranging implications of introducing new and useful policies are much better than the previous stand-alone program. Although, it should well be recognized that TANF is basically just another system of a perceived welfare State that is America but it definitely provides future policymakers a model for improvements in the existing TANF and related welfare programs. Benefits One of such benefits under TANF is eliminating homelessness for people who are in desperate need. It is important to note that most participants who used to get homelessness assistance in previous programs without restrictions are not eligible under TANF. For a person to take such assistance, TANF requires that the benefits allotted to a participant must be designed to deal with crisis situation and it must only be for four months. Such rules provide credence to the idea that the State funds will not be over utilized by mass and if work conditions improve for homeless people, they would be able to better equip themselves after four months. To critics, it must be evident that TANF do provides legislations where certain people are indeed eligible for long term ongoing assistance with the housing that can extend beyond five years but it too instructs participants to actively involve in work and assign their child support rights to the State. These provisions are in exclusion to the other basic requirements for TANF. There are numerous States and related agencies that have successfully implemented the homelessness program to allow their residents settle down. Almost half of the States are providing short term assistance to people needing short term rental assistance, support for a solution to eviction and utility shut off (Jennifer, 2001). These also include emergency housing shelters as well as temporary shelter. Looking objectively into such type of assistance we can draw conclusions that the State is supporting the idea of a true welfare State by not relying on using welfare money solely for homelessness but instead distribute grants to a variety of aspects that may not have a stigma of welfare related to them. Drawbacks On the contrary time limits and such constraints do provide sustenance to the cause of TANF but it is clear from several studies including the of Urban Institute that there is a constant need for regular upgrading of the program. According to the statistics, more than 50 percent of the participants who have received welfare in the past are now working in low income jobs without any benefits at all. Still more concerning are figures which indicates that most of the parents who received funding and were able to find work have now been laid of due to the economic recession and high unemployment rates. This act has resulted in their ineligibility to receive any more funding from the program for another five years (Temp Assistance). Therefore, the committee recommended that there should be a clean long term extension of the prevailing laws so that families in need of welfare should not only be depended on welfare but rather be able to support themselves in the long run. Official Public View of the success of TANF Some of the States such as District of Columbia are trying to establish a coherent program by involving public in its annual budget meetings. Such a meeting took place in March 2009, where members of the public provided their opinion on how to better administer the funds. From the public remarks, it seems that there is a wide held belief that any welfare should not just be a temporary relief but supplement the future of the participant. The director of Human Services which oversees the DC TANF program was of the view that their TANF program should bring the people in workforce and support them to be self sufficient before taking them off welfare (Greg). His remarks were coherent with the level of TANF assistance and funds didn’t rise with inflation which has made it difficult for the participants to support their children. The committee further states that the State budget didn’t take into account COLA which has resulted in less aid than actually perceived. Experts now believe that the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act PWRORA that was introduced in 1996 is becoming a success but such a success can only be retained with constant evaluation and new policies (Turner J). In a testimony before congress in 2002, Jason Turner, responsible for domestic policy making at Heritage Foundation pointed out there was an urgent need to strengthen work requirements because the participants at that time were able to receive full funding without actively engaging in their quota of work. He insisted that the policies be made more stringent by requiring participants to come to work and cash be distributed based on the actual hours worked and not the perceived time. Furthermore, he provided evidence that the budget of TANF program can be reduced to 10 percent without disrupting all the useful funding. Such recommendations by public representatives is a clear indication of the theories as presented by social scientists who want to see a true Welfare State based on the principles of equality and opportunity. In a series of reports published by the Urban Institute, the authors proclaim that TANF’s emphasis on work has improved results for million of families but there is a need for a long term broader perspective on the issue. One such study extol the Program benefits only if Congress can reauthorize the implementation of the new policies that has made it difficult for some hard to serve groups to take full advantage of the program structure. It points out the fact that the most common employment barriers for individuals who stay on welfare or leave without work are poor health lack of recent work experience and access to higher education. The numbers provided were three years after PWRORA initiation but provided staggering figures constituting almost 35 to 50 percent of the program participants being affected (Loprest Zedelewski). Program Implementation It is a fact that various territories and tribes can not only participate in the program but are eligible to run it on their own management principles. While it is true, another report by Urban Institute submitted to the Department of Health and Human Service concluded that there were several factors which were feasible for the implementation of TANF in the tribal areas. Such factors included improvement of TANF objectives and outcomes, extension of tribal self determination, enhanced program coordination and improvement of reputation and image (Just Harvest Publications). On the other hand, it also concluded that costs, staffing problems, risk of new program and communication with State and Counties were barrier to the acceptance of such a program. The TANF is definitely a step towards realizing the goal of a true Welfare State where meaning of welfare is not imbedded in perceived images nor attributed to poor class. While it is true that there are shortcomings in the program but such limitations can adequately be addressed by constant debates, changes in policies and regular reauthorization of TANF. In his book, The Assault on Social Policy prominent social scientist William Roth describes a well balanced welfare program as the one that only provides a limited support thus promoting a desire to work (Roth, W: p. 64). In fact such a policy would have been appreciated by Michael Katz who was a fervent supporter of a welfare plan which doesn’t’ portray beneficiary as a recipient of welfare but instead someone who has the right to receive aid to support their families.

The Social Worker: Addressing Social Exclusion Essay

The Social Worker: Addressing Social Exclusion Essay The aim of this essay is to discuss the role of the social worker addressing social exclusion and discrimination along with the impact it has on individuals, groups and communities. I will also discuss my understanding of anti-oppressive practice and ethical issues within the Welsh context, and the issues social workers will face daily throughout their profession. To allow a social worker to carry out their roles and responsibilities they will need to understand the meaning of social work itself, Social work is the purposeful and ethical application of personal skills in interpersonal relationships directed towards enhancing the personal and social functioning of an individual, family, group or neighbourhood, which necessarily involves using evidence obtained from practice to help create a social environment conducive to the wellbeing of all (Pierson 2010 p494/495). A social worker needs to have knowledge and multiple skills to carry out their complex roles within society. One of those areas social workers will face within their professional role is social exclusion and discrimination. Social exclusion happens to a minority of people in society and those who suffer from social exclusion have different life experience and opportunities from other people. Pierson (2002,p18) defines social exclusion as a process that deprives individuals and families, groups and neighbourhoods of the resources required for participation in the social, economic and political activity of society as a whole. There are many contributing factors that can cause someone to face social exclusion or discrimination, social workers will need have an understanding of peoples life experiences, using a holistic approach, be able to listen, communicate with all service users in an appropriate manner and work in partnership with service users so they do not discriminate. Social workers also need to be mindful that Wales is now a multi-ethnic society and will be challenged with ethical issues and their dilemmas, such as languages, religion and other areas. According to the Welsh statistics 2009 Wales have a population of 2,875,700 of which 29.800 are mixed race, 52,700 are Asian or Asian British, 18.600 are Black or Black British and 22,600 are of other ethnic groups (http://www.statswales.wales.gov.uk/TableViewer/tableView.aspx accessed 26th October 2012). Those that are most at risk of social exclusion are children, older people, disabled, and unemployed, but the most significant factors are poverty and low income. Those living in poverty are vulnerable in a number of different ways. We know that they are more at risk of poor health and poor educational attainment, have lower skills and aspirations, and are more likely to be low paid, unemployed and welfare-dependent (Huw Lewis AM 2010 p2). Poverty is seen in different approaches, absolute, relative and consensual. Thornes, P (2007 p77) defines absolute poverty as not having the very basic means to live adequately. Relative poverty as a measurement of poverty based on working out the income needed to attain the accepted standard of living in a society and consensual poverty as whether or not people can afford a series of items which most people, when questioned regards as necessities. Between 2005-2008 an average of 32% of children in Wales was living in relatively low-income households. There has been a general downward trend, but the two most recent figures show an increase on the previous years.   Social workers will need to have an understanding of the impacts that social exclusion and discrimination can have upon a service user and their families. For this to happen social workers will need to be able to identify areas that cause social exclusion, be able to investigate and what actions will need to be taken to address it. The Welsh Government have put in place a number of policies, strategies and initiatives to fight against poverty and social exclusion which have impacted on those that live in Wales. These include Child Poverty Strategy for Wales, Flying start, Child tax credits, Winter fuel allowances, plus many more. Over the past ten years in Wales, overall poverty has fallen by three percentage points, compared with two percentage points for the UK as a whole. However, the extent of poverty for all groups in Wales (apart from older people) is slightly higher than for the UK as a whole. (Huw Lewis AM, 2010). Since social exclusion is a process we must be mindful that there could be hidden barriers involved which in turn will affect others areas of their lives, it will be like a domino effect. So in order for social workers to address social exclusion they need to have a holistic view of the service users, and consider any hidden barriers this will enable them to have an overall view of how the service user has lived up to date, what potentially triggered social exclusion and how to redress the situation. To enable good practice the social worker should be working in partnership with the service user where a trusting relationship can be built. Both sides will need to listen and engage with each other so needs can be identified and addressed, whist doing so social workers needs to be empowering the service user and practise in an anti-discriminatory way. Once the needs have been identified the social worker needs to understand how the impacts can affect the service users, their families an d their lives. Social welfare practitioners have a key role to play in terms of working directly with children, young people and families to help them improve their circumstances and mitigate the worst excesses of poverty and social exclusion. (Williams 2011). People can become socially excluded and discriminated against through poverty, isolation, lack of life opportunities, lack of education, availability of resources such as health and public transport, employment, living environment, demography, social participation and economic resources. The effects upon a service user and their families can be devastating, it can lead to service users losing their dignity which can then lead to low self-esteem and lack of confidence. People can then feel powerless, and that their voice is not being heard and become disempowered. People who are in poverty are in a cycle of deprivation and once in this cycle find it very hard to get out of because of the domino effect. They may be in poverty due to low income or unemployment. Unemployment is a major risk factor for low income in Wales, that risk rising from 5% for a full-working family to over 60% for a workless one. Even when another adult in the family remains in work, the familys risk of low income still rises to 25%. (www.jrf.org.uk/publications/monitoring-poverty-wales-2009 accessed 27th October 2012). Children who live within these household will also suffer the impacts of social exclusion and discrimination which have become a great concern for Governments. Research confirms the negative outcomes for children associated with poverty, including poor health, low self-esteem, poor educational achievement and homelessness. Outcomes associated with child poverty are mortality, accidents mental illness, suicide, child abuse, teenage pregnancy, homelessness, low educational attainment, smoking and morbidity (Bradshore and Mayhem, 2005). People who are unemployed also face the stigma of society, being classed as lazy and scroungers, so in turn are being discriminated against. We should be mindful that there are people who are claiming benefits due to ill health, being a lone parent with no social network available, been made redundant or the fact is there simply isnt any jobs available. Although the Government have implemented initiatives such as Free swimming, free Breakfast Clubs Schemes Free School Lunch (eligibility criteria must be met) in a number of schools, Genesis Wales and Child Poverty Expert Groups. There are people also being excluded due to the area in which they live, especially if in rural areas where the transport is less scarce, health provision is harder to access and resources are less available. Poor public transport networks in rural areas results in higher levels of car ownership. Consequently, poorer households are likely to spend a higher proportion of their income on transport than urban counterparts, and access to private transport remain a problem for many people. (Williams, 2011). Older people can become excluded due to isolation which could have a knock on effect to loneliness or health issues such as depression, they may not have family around or been moved into a residential home. Activities such as day centres or community activities may be hard to access or lack of transportation maybe an issue. Low income is rising in older people, despite initiatives such as Winter Fuel Allowances, concessions on TV Licences and public transport and Pension Credit according to figures from the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP), 26 per cent of people of pensionable ages in Wales were on low income households in 1996/97 compared to 18 per cent in 2008/09 (Francis, 2010 p59). Poor housing also causes social exclusion for people in society as its impact can have an impact on someones life. living in poor quality housing impacts significantly on quality of life, e.g. by contributing to poor physical and mental health, increasing spent on keeping warm ect.(Stirling, 2010 ). Overcrowding, inadequate heating, dampness within the home can also cause health issues for service users. Debt/credit also plays a big part in social exclusion, anyone who is in poverty will be faced with financial problems and again like a domino effect people borrow from one to pay another. And those who borrow are likely to borrow off high interest rate lenders because they have not got a good credit score, which in turn gets them deeper into debt and more difficult to get out of. Those who have a disability also face exclusion and high risk of poverty, they are discriminated against through lack of employment, shops, building, schools and transport still have restricted access, Part of a social workers role is use an anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory approach when working with service users, this means considering their experiences, who the service users are as a person, such as their gender, if they have a disability, their race, and values. The way we communicate with service users is vital, engaging and working in partnership. We must focus on peoples strengths as well as weaknesses and empower service users to have choices, knowledge and encourage decision making whenever appropriate. The more people become involved in determining their own destiny, the higher will be their self-esteem. They grow in confidence. And when group members learn that knowledge is power, they demand to know, to be kept informed, to be given information (Howe, 2009 p149). To work in an anti-oppressive way we must work in an ethical way, we must respect and value service users whilst ensuring we protect the vulnerable. As social workers we should be treating each service user as an individual with individual personal and social needs working in an empowering way so they can develop their own potentials. Social workers must be open and honest with service users to gain trust and relationships, this will enable both parties to work in partnership. Social workers will come across barriers they must be competent in overcoming, for example, language, we must allow any service user to use their preferred language, and this could be Welsh or any other language. If you cannot speak the language yourself then find an alternative way to communicate such as through a translator. Other barriers may include demography, available resources, religion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. From all the above information we can see social exclusion, discrimination and poverty can play a part in many lives of people living in Wales. Even though Welsh Government has implemented policies and initiatives to eradicate these issues, people in Wales are still suffering the effects and impacts . Despite both the UK and Welsh governments commitments to the eradication of child poverty and support for this aim across all political parties and a range of policies and programmes to achieve this goal, statistically, child poverty in Wales remains stubbornly high. In order to meet the Welsh Governments target or eradicating child poverty by 2020, the rate of child poverty in Wales would have to fall four times as fast over the next 10 years as it has over the last 10 (New Policy Institute, 2011).(Williams, 2010). Overall I personally dont think we can eliminate social exclusion and discrimination because whatever Governments gives, they always take back in other areas. Here is just one example, LOW income families in Wales face losing an average  £74 a year in support to pay their council tax bills, a study warned yesterday. Cuts of 10% will be passed on to claimants when the UK Government transfers responsibility for council tax benefit to the Welsh Government from 2013. The support is more widely claimed than any other means-tested benefit with 328,000 recipients in Wales. The move will slash the benefit by more than  £24m across Wales. (www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/2012/06/22/low-income-families-in-wales-face-74-council-tax-benefit-cut-says-report-55578-31235972/ acessed 27th October 2012). I also feel society can play a big part to exclusion, many are still ignorant to diversity and can, directly and indirectly, discriminate certain groups of society. References Howe, D. (2009) A Brief Introduction to Social Work Theory, Basingstoke: Palgrave Lewis, H, (2010) Poverty and Social Exclusion in Wales, Blaenau Gwent, Bevenfoundation Pierson, J and Thomas, M. (2010) Dictionary of Social Work, Berkshire: Open University Press McGraw-Hill Walker, H. (2008) Studying for Your Social Degree, Exeter: Learning Matters Williams, C. (2011) Social Policy for Social Welfare Practice in a Devolved Wales (2e). Birmingham: BASW British Association of Social Workers LTD (www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/2012/06/22/low-income-families-in-wales-face-74-council-tax-benefit-cut-says-report-55578-31235972/ accessed 27th October 2012). (www.jrf.org.uk/publications/monitoring-poverty-wales-2009 accessed 27th October 2012). (www.statswales.wales.gov.uk/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=14038#_5._Income_Poverty

Role Of A 1950s American Housewife History Essay

Role Of A 1950s American Housewife History Essay Throughout the 1950s housekeeping duties and taking care of the family was considered a role of the women. Majority of the girls got married at very tender ages and some even ended their opportunities to study in order to get married. They quickly became wives and they established their families by giving birth to many children and becoming young mothers. However, during the Second World War, there was a work force shortage and therefore women were required to take up factory jobs. Immediately after the Second World War the number of women who were working drastically dropped. All the single women who were working were required to quit their jobs in order to get married. The television offered different shows that represented the appropriate gender roles. Being a housewife was the fashionable thing to do and those who followed their careers were considered unwise. This trend did not last for a very long time as there raised a group of feminist movements. These movements influenced ho w women viewed the existing gender roles.  [1]   In the 1950s women received very little say and respect within the society. The women had specific roles that were centered within the household. Women were expected to perform house chores such as keeping the house clean and tidy and taking care of their children. They cooked food and baked bread while also sewing their own clothes. The women ensured that they prepare a warm and delicious meal for their husbands to eat after a long and tedious day at work. This was seen as a sign that they cared and often thought of their husbands. The women also made sure that they cleaned and refreshed themselves just before their husbands arrive. They applied makeup and dressed up in pretty dresses with ribbons in order to look appealing to their husbands. They also ensured that they clear the house of any kind of clutter so that their husbands would return to a clean and comfortable environment. The housewives were also required to make sure that they washed up and dressed all their children and ensure that they had neatly combed hair just before their fathers arrival. On the husbands arrival, the housewives made sure that the home did not have unnecessary noise. It was important that they warmly welcome their husbands with a kind embrace. The housewives were expected to maintain the childrens discipline while enjoying a meal. The women avoided arguments with their husbands and they barely complained even when displeased. Their responsibility was to ensure that they offered their husbands a quiet time to unwind. They gave their husbands a listening ear and gave them soothing refreshments.  [2]   The women in the 1950s were so inclined to their house chores, their children, and husbands that they hardly thought about their own careers. During this period, any woman who did not conform to the housewife role was faced with immense criticism. The women in this era were not provided with equal opportunities as the men. Women were expected to be fully dependent on the men for the provision of all their needs and requirements. The women were required to stay at home in order to take care of their homes, children, and even husbands. No woman received any recognition or credit for being learned or for holding a good job position. It was just important for them to be available in the home for their children and husband. It was very important for them to be present in all the development stages of their children. They also got the opportunity to monitor their childrens learning process and their health conditions. This role was considered an especially difficult task for the women who opted to go to work. This is because of the limited time available to cater for their homes and children and many husbands did not admire such wives. Women were required to be well spoken to their children, husbands and the public. Especially in public, the housewives were expected to introduce themselves properly and not to engage in intelligent conversation. They were not expected to actively talk in the presence of men. In case they disagreed with a certain topic, they were not allowed to voice their opinions. They were expected to be careful about their language content while ensuring that they avoid profanity. Women were in many cases judged according to their homes. The society measured how clean their houses were, their childrens behavior, how happy their husbands were, how they spoke and carried themselves in public.  [3]   During this period, women were required to remain in their marriage setup despite the challenges. Housewives never considered divorce as it attracted a lot of stigma from the society. Women who opted for a divorce were unwelcome within the society and they were faced with huge difficulties. This was especially because they had limited education levels and they unavailability of decent jobs for women. This essentially made it difficult for women to get a home to live in and food for them and their children to eat. Marriage was actually considered a huge incentive for all women and their children. Women sacrificed their happiness and instead worked very hard to ensure that their husbands were happy. They did this in order to maintain a happy home and marriage and to avoid chances of a divorce. Housewives at times had to deal with physical abuse from their husbands and even cater for alcoholic husbands. Despite all this, the women had to persevere in their sad marriages due to stigmatiz ation. Women were also responsible for childbearing despite how they felt. Once a woman got pregnant, she was obligated to give birth. The women gave birth irrespective of whether they were mentally, physically, or psychologically unprepared. The option or act of abortion attracted immense stigmatization even though they had a right to do as they pleased. The stigma caused many women to carry pregnancies that they were not interested in carrying to maturity.  [4]   Women were comfortable with being housewives and barely pursed any form of higher education. After completing their high school education, many women were married and stayed at home. The number of men who attended school for their higher education was far greater than that of women. The education policy that was available in the 1950s was unfair since the education of women was not equally promoted and encouraged. Women were not offered equal opportunities as compared to the men. The womens roles and purposes in the social and economic environment were very limited. The few women who opted to work in the any available position were not considered good wives. This is because there was an assumption that they could not take care of their families properly and work at the same time. This assumption is due to the huge amount of work both at home and at work. Women who chose to work would be inclined to concentrate on one side and neglect the other. In most cases, a family would require a home assistant to take care of the children. The children would miss a mothers love, care, and attention. Therefore, women who pursed a career path in the 1950s usually ended up single since men were more interested in women who could take care of them bear children and personally take care of them children.  [5]   In the 1950s toys such as the Barbie were used to depict the specific gender roles. Most of the toys that were made for little girls were used to mould them into desirable women. The toys allowed the young girls to have a good imagination of how their lives were required to turn out. The toys offered imitations of items and equipments that adult women used within the home. This was in order for the girls to have a feel of what exactly it meant to be a housewife and the chores involved. The boys on the other hand had toys that characterized men as strong and courageous. The color television also strongly affected the roles of women with the shows and advertisements that aired. The color television had impact due to the availability of color that made advertisements more appealing. The television aired advertisements that promoted sexism in the direction of women. The advertisements assumed that women were expected to take up certain roles such as cleaning, childbearing and, cooking. S exism towards women is today considered discriminatory but in the 1950s it was considered a very normal thing. Women were in those days trained to accept the stereotype that assumed women were meant to be housewives. Other adverts portrayed women as dependants on men who fully controlled them and influenced their behaviors. The advertisements confined the women within the home environment and to their household chores. They also offered women with the ideal image of a beautiful housewife and the desired beauty products. Books and magazines written by influential writers also offered a reference point for all housewives in the 1950s.  [6]   Iconic figures seen in televisions, magazines and written in books also influenced the role of women. Individuals such as Marylin Monroe, Lucille Ball and Grace Kelly were amongst the most influencial women in the 50s. Merylin Monroe was a sex symbol and women all over the United States worked very hard to imitate her behaviors to get attention from their husbands. It was important in the 1950s to look appealing and desirable to ones husband and sexual demeanor played an essential role. Its greatest role was to ensure that every husband was comfortable and fully satisfied within the marriage. It also assisted to enhance closeness, faithfulness, minimize arguments, and ensure that no divorces occur. Grace Kelly was a fashion icon and women were inclined to follow her fashion trends. It was important for the 1950s woman to dress up and look pretty. After a long day from work or while attending social functions it was important for men to find and show up with smartly dressed women. The women would always want to look fashionable at every time and season. It was therefore the responsibility of every housewife to be on the high alert for any changes and new trends. Lucille Ball on the other hand acted in a famous television show called I love Lucy. The show p portrayed Lucy as the classic 1950s housewife. She acted as the major character that was very loving and caring for her husband Ricardo. However, Lucy defended herself and did not allow anyone to direct her actions. She worked hard to portray an independent housewife who did not accept to be shoved around. Her acting opened up and influenced other housewives behaviors while ensuring that they remained to be loving and caring to their husbands.  [7]   The 1950s Housewife Influence on Feminism The 1950s have been referred as the bleak era of feminism. After the end of the Second World War, there was a new emphasis on the nuclear family as the basis of the welfare state in Britain. During the War, women were allowed to work outside their homes and took part in the War efforts; however, after the war elapsed, they were encouraged to take the roles of mothers and wives. The government aimed to reestablish the two as the primary occupation for women.  [8]  By 1985, 75 percent of the adult women were married; more specifically, 84.8 percent of women between 45 and 49 years were married.  [9]  At the time, married had become even more popular than before the prewar period. Furthermore, in the post war era, childcare facilities were closed, and there was a limited aid being advanced to working women. However, the state implemented social reforms, which were aimed at providing family allowances that were meant for subsidizing families. More specifically, the subsidies were aimed at supporting women in their roles as wives and mothers.  [10]  Despite the numerous efforts targeted at helping women, they were not satisfied by the position they were accorded. Sue Bruely observes and laments that the progressive vision adopted in the New Britain after the war was fundamentally flawed in its conservative view on women.  [11]  The media: films, radio, and womens magazines had a significant role in shaping the society, these include the attitudes of women towards formal employment. The media had a regressive attitude and positively sought to discourage women from combining employment and marriage. The media embarked on discouraging women from pursuing ca reers and laid emphasis on the womans domesticity and dependence, and encouraged women to return to their noble duties in the kitchen and nursery. Furthermore, television and radio aired womens programs that were dogmatic, and aimed at reinforcing the woman as a successful housewife. Despite the tremendous efforts being laid to return women at their noble duty of being a housewife, the 1950s witnessed a massive stride towards attaining parity for women. This included parity on such issues as equal pay for teachers in 1952, and in male and female positions in the civil service in 1954. The achievement can be traced to the various efforts of feminist movements. For instance, Edith Summerskill fought for the rights of women both in parliament and through the conventional non-party pressure groups throughout the 1950s. furthermore, the feminist writers at the time, such as Viola Klein and Alva Myrdal argued that women could juggle both employment and household jobs well. The era of 1950s has come to be referred to as welfare feminism. The majority of the feminists leaders argued that they adopted a position, which could be termed as reasonable modern feminism; the position advocated for sexual diversity and sought to establish the social contribution by women rather than call for impartiality or equality of gender. During the 1950s, feminism was mainly concerned with social responsibility, and aimed to promote the general welfare of the society. The 1960s fall in the second wave of the feminist movement, and it aimed at putting an end to the social and cultural inequalities between sexes. The achievements made by feminists in the second wave can be traced to the efforts made in the 1950s. The 1950s have seemed like a tranquil moment regarding the traditional notions of the family; however, various trends and events that took place in this period had significant contributions to the liberation of women that gained momentum in the 1960s. In the years following the Second World War, the number of college students grew significantly. However, a significant number of women who had attained college education were married soon after or were married before completing college. In their adopted new roles as housewives, they were soon to be bored and frustrated by the repetitive household jobs and became unsatisfied with their responsibilities as mothers. These women contributed greatly to the feminist movement that took route in the 1 960s. Additionally, though traditional wisdom dictated that the responsibility of women was restricted at home, a significant number of women made a valuable contribution in supplementing their husbands incomes. The Life magazine reported that women held a third of all the jobs available in the United States in 1956. A significant number of these women enjoyed their professions, sought promotion, and equal pay; however, the few rewards and legal resources that were available for women disappointed them  [12]  These discriminatory practices increased the number of women who opted to join the feminist movement. Furthermore, the successes in the civil right movement cases such as the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954, which outlawed racial segregation in public schools, persuaded women to believe that reforms were indeed possible. The Lessons the Modern Woman Can Learn From the 1950s Housewife For many years, women suffered a sense of dissatisfaction; however, each woman struggled with the problem alone.  [13]  The materials that were published on women emphasized on enlightening women to seek their fulfillment as wives and mothers. Repeatedly, women were subjected to conventional voices and Freudian sophistications, that they should not desire a greater destiny than their own femininity. The published articles emphasized on educating women on catching and keeping a man, breastfeeding, handling toilet training, coping with sibling rivalry, and breastfeeding; how to purchase a dish washer, bake, and to cook gourmet snails. Furthermore, women were taught on looking, dressing, and making their marriage successful by acting in a feminine manner; and on how to keep their husbands youthful and their sons from becoming delinquents. The lessons also emphasized that women should pity rather than envy the irrational, unfeminine, and unhappy women who sought to be poets, psychiat rists, and presidents. Women learnt that a true feminine did not pursue professions, higher education, political rights, and the opportunities sought by the old-fashioned feminists.  [14]  Therefore, a significant number of the 1950s women devoted their lives from an early age to seeking to find a husband and bearing children. The end of the 1950s was marked with a massive decline in the number of women attending college while the average marriage age dropped to 20 years. Additionally, by the age of 17 years, a significant number of women were engaged. Many women were unhappy with what was commonly referred to as the problem with no name, or the housewifes syndrome as referred by some doctors; however, women continued to have more babies. More so, college students were engaged in having more babies, as opposed to pursuing careers. The women had no career goals, and their aspirations were limited to being married and raising a family; however, they were overly dissatisfied, desperate, and lacked a personality. Women were mere food servers, putter-on of pants, and bed makers. The housewife was unappreciated. The 1950s woman was a stereotypical woman-in-distress, who is always dependent on her husband for survival. She is also perceived as an inept woman; the woman-driver, the extravagant wife who cannot budg et and is the primary cause of the mans downfall. Women were not expected to attend college and most women were married straight after high school and assumed the traditional roles. Women who showed braveness and continued to college were not taught science and mathematics; rather, they were allowed to pursue home economics and cooking. More so, women were not allowed to join in conversations, and men feared learned women due to their tendency to think of their interests and to disagree with the men. Despite the hard and unhappy life of the 1950s women, they have valuable lessons for the modern-day woman. Citing the problems faced by the housewives, the home economist suggested a lack of proper preparation for the housewife; thus, he suggested a more realistic preparation for the housewives, such as high-school classes in home appliances. The home economics class was designed for the female students, and the contents of the course reflected the larger social cultural context in which the home economics was situated in the 1950s. Furthermore, college educators came up with suggestions on increasing the number of discussion groups on home organization and family issues, and on the preparations of women on their adjustment to fit domestic lives and its subsequent roles. These were valuable suggestion for the benefit of both the 1950s woman and the modern woman. The role of women in the 1950s was a retrospective role in various ways. The society had massive expectations on womens behavior both at home and in public. Women had certain roles and the society expected them to fulfill the roles without failure. A woman was expected to be an industrious homemaker, and an obedient and caring wife to her husband and family. Home The ideal wife was expected to be restricted at home, and to nurture her family to gain respect from the society. A hard-working wife had the dinner ready by the time her career husband returned home from work, and a wife was only a valuable and respectable if she obeyed her husband, carried out his orders, and agreed with the husband without question. Even in instances where a woman wanted to voice her opinion, her lack of education would restrict her. The modern-day society is significantly different from that of the 1950s; however, the roles and responsibilities of the 1950s woman, though burdensome, are valuable to some extent. The home economics lesson offered to the 1950s women is valuable to the modern-day housewives. The course taught the preparation of meals; however, it taught more than just the fundamentals of food preparation. The class contained other valuable lessons, which included the principles of food buying and food handling. Furthermore, there are valuable lessons in choosing the most cost-effective and healthy boxed meals from the supermarket, this is perceived as a symbol of success in Americas capitalism.  [15]  Furthermore, housewives of the 1950s were taught on buying such household appliances like the refrigerator and microwaves, these were valuable appliances in food handling and preservation. The lessons are structured to change and shape the minds of young American women. They blended the gender roles and technical issues involved in food preparation, and the marketers interests in asserting a society, which was increasingly influenced by mass consumption agents. The modern American society possesses similarities with the 1950s society. The society is marked with numerous agents of mass consumption and promotional events that are aimed at promoting mass consumption. Furthermore, the increased cost of living and advances in technology have necessitated budgeting and an increased need for budgeting. Therefore, the 1950s housewife offers numerous lessons for the modern-day housewife. The modern-day housewives can learn the principles of food buying and food handling, choosing the most cost-effective and healthy boxed meals from the supermarket, and buying such household appliances like the refrigerator and microwaves. These were critical lessons learned by the 1950s housewives and are of significance to the modern-day housewife.

Phonology And The Dutch Stress :: essays research papers

The Dutch stress sytem Dutch is described as being a quantity-sensitive trochaic system, operating from left to right with extrametricality. In the following essay I will gice the arguments and data that point towards this system. I will also analyse in which way exceptions are being taken care of within this system. The metrical analysis will be based on work by Trommelen & Zonneveld. These authors adopt an onset-rhyme organisation of syllable structure. We can make three major generalisations about stress when analysing Dutch: Firstly, main stress always falls within a three-syllable-window at the right word edge: this indicates that the main stress always falls on one of the last three syllables. This can also be called the three-syllable restriction. This produces three different stress patterns: final, penultimate and antepenultimate. Primary stress is prohibited further to the left. The three-syllable-window restriction: …()# Data:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ANT  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PEN  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FIN VV#  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Amà ©rika  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  macarà ³ni  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  individà º VC#  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jerà ºzalem  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  catamà ¡ran  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  kameleà ³n Furthermore, stress is restricted to a two-syllable windowin words containing a prefinal (or diphtongal) syllable. This means that antepenultimate stress (third syllable from right side of the word) only occurs in words with an open syllable next to it (an open penultimate syllable). Therefore, the Dutch stress system depends on the character of the second to last (penultimate) syllable. Data:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ANT  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PEN  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FIN -VV-VV  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pà ¡nama  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  pyjà ¡ma  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  chocolà ¡Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -VV-VC  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  bà ¡riton  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cà ©lebes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  pelotà ³n  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -VC-VV  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  agà ©nda  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  frikandà ©au -VC-VC  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gibrà ¡ltar  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  bombardà ³n -ViVj-VV  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  andà ­jvie  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thirdly, schwa syllables ae never stressed: Data:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a) –CVX-C@(C)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  b) -CVV-@(C ) mà ³de, salà ¡de, mir  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¡kel,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Azià «, Bà ©lgià «, tà ©rrià «r, là ©nte, septà ©mber  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ndià «   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is called the schwa-syllable restriction. Primary stress falls directly for a schwa syllable if schwa is immediately preceded by a consonant. We can, however also make minor generalisations within the bounds of major generalisations. These minor generalisations reflect the predominant stress patterns, and allow for exceptions. These exceptions stand for the recessive stress patterns within the system. The position of main stress is conditioned both by the length of the word and by the internal structure of the syllables involved. The dominant patterns in Dutch are the following:  In disyllabic words ending in open (VV) and closed (VC) syllables, penultimate stress is dominant  In trisyllabics, the dominant patterns are penultimate stress in VV-final words and antepenultimate stress in VC-final words (if the penultimate syllable is open)  In VXC-final words, final stress is the dominant pattern. Now that we know about these generalisations we can provide arguments and data which point towards the system of Dutch stress. Extrametricality: Extrametricality in the Dutch language is normally operating on words having a final –VX syllable (which is heavy). However, it does not work on final ‘open’ VV-syllables (which are light). The following examples prove this:

Accomplish Victory Essay examples -- Economy, Economic Downturn, Reces

What is a recession? A recession is declared once the GDP is negative for two consecutive quarters or more, a few quarters before is actually the start of an economic downturn. GDP is defined as gross domestic product and that basically means the total value of goods the United States has produced, for the year. The first few signs of a recession are negative growth followed by a miniature positive growth. Because American citizens don’t have the money to spend they don’t spend and the consumer spending aspect of the economy takes a drastic downfall. Unemployment rates also have play in determining a recession (22). Proper money management and finances could bring an economy out of a recession. There are major flaws in the way we live that people are doing nothing to fix. Most people are in debt, in late 2005 â€Å"wage growth was shortchanged because 46 percent of the growth of total income in the corporate sector was distributed as corporate profits, far more than 20 percent in previous periods.†(24) Household income had fallen five years in a row and was 4 percent lower. The average wages of Americans are low. The growth of the American population is expanding very rapidly; the job count compared to population growth is almost unrealistic. Only one point nine percent more jobs have come up since the beginning of the last recession. The unemployment rate is four point six percent That means that a lot of people do not have jobs; the percent of people that have a job was one point three percent, So that means that more people are not working than people with a job. (24) Poverty was sky rocketing in two thousand; the rate was eleven point three percent and rose in four years to twelve point seven percent; that is approximat... ...spend then how is making goods and services more expensive going to help? Obama is a very good man with what I believe to be good intentions. But his money managing skills could use a lot of work. I do not see what does not make sense to him if the United States is in debt then does he continually spend money on things that we do not need such as, visiting other countries, flying first class on Air Force One. Instead of trying to make peace treaties with other countries we need to increase education in schools and supply them with the money and resources that they need to educate children and make them able to run a country. Children are our future and if we don’t do a good job at making the future the best it can be then will end up in the same spot we are in today. This should turn this country’s finances around and soon enough we will be living in prosperity.

The Man I Killed, By Tim O’Brien Essay -- Vietnam War

Usually when someone is murdered, people expect the murderer to feel culpable. This though, is not the case in war. When in war, a soldier is taught that the enemy deserves to die, for no other reason than that they are the nation’s enemy. When Tim O’Brien kills a man during the Vietnam War, he is shocked that the man is not the buff, wicked, and terrifying enemy he was expecting. This realization overwhelms him in guilt. O’Brien’s guilt has him so fixated on the life of his victim that his own presence in the story—as protagonist and narrator—fades to the black. Since he doesn’t use the first person to explain his guilt and confusion, he negotiates his feelings by operating in fantasy—by imagining an entire life for his victim, from his boyhood and his family to his feeling about the war and about the Americans. In The Man I Killed, Tim O’Brien explores the truth of The Vietnam War by vividly describing the dead body an d the imagined life of the man he has killed to question the morality of killing in a war that seems to have no point to him. The detailed descriptions of the dead man’s body show the terrible costs of the war in a physical aspect. O’Brien’s guilt almost takes on its own rhythm in the repetition of ideas, phrases, and observations about the man’s body. Some of the ideas here, especially the notion of the victim being a â€Å"slim, young, dainty man,† help emphasize O’Brien’s fixation on the effects of his action—that he killed someone who was innocent and not meant to be fighting in the war. At the same time, his focus on these physical characteristics, rather than on his own feelings, betrays his attempt to keep some distance in order to dull the pain. The long, unending sentences force the reader to read the deta... ... big deal than in helping him work through his emotions. In between the remarks from the others, O’Brien sits in the inevitable silence of Vietnam—a stillness that forces one to confront the realities of war. Behind every war there is supposed to be a moral—some reason for fighting. Unfortunately, this is often not the case. O’Brien relays to the readers the truth of the Vietnam War through the graphic descriptions of the man that he killed. After killing the man O’Brien was supposed to feel relief, even victory, but instead he feels grief of killing a man that was not what he had expected. O’Brien is supposed to be the winner, but ends up feeling like the loser. Ironically, the moral or lesson in The Things They Carried is that there is no morality in war. War is vague and illogical because it forces humans into extreme situations that have no obvious solutions.

Reaction Paper on SONA 2015 Essay

â€Å"Hangga’t buo ang ating pananalig at tiwala, at hangga’t nagsisilbi tayong lakas ng isa’t isa, patuloy nating mapapatunayan na, â€Å"the Filipino is worth dying for†, â€Å"the Filipino is worth living for,† at idadagdag ko naman po: â€Å"The Filipino is definitely worth fighting for.† This is the highlight of the fifth State of the Nation Address by His Excellency Benigno Simeon Aquino III. The stand of believing in the democracy, believing that people with the government can make a change within his term. Since the death of his parents, the legacy still continues and I guess the legacy is in his heart believing that it’s not too late for changes in the Philippine government setting and also the economic and social status of the country. Based on the past State of the Nation Address of President Aquino, critics said that, this State of the Nation Address is not clearly stating the change that they expected to be. The changes w ithin his term is expected to be evident and must lift the Philippines from being the â€Å"Sick Man of Asia† to the â€Å"Rising Country in Asia†. see more:reaction paper about sona 2017 But for me, I guess for about 5 years of his term, I find him and his works in making everything possible is evident through his achievements. For the past five years, the system of education through his leadership is I guess changed and globally leveled the foreign and international standards. An example of this is the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). The Disbursement Acceleration Program contributed 1.6 billion pesos to TESDA’s Training for Work Scholarship Program. This amount enabled the graduation of 223,615 beneficiaries. 66 percent of these—or, 146,731 graduates—now have jobs. This is just one of the amazing changes that he and his leadership has made differences from the past administrations. Also, the poverty in the Philippines, not although changed bigtime but I guess through the little  steps, we can make change. We must invest in our most valuable resource: The Filipino people. Data from the National Economic Development Authority attests to this success. According to them, the 27.9 percent poverty rate during the first semester of 2012 went down to 24.9 percent for the same period in 2013. These three percentage points are equivalent to 2.5 million Filipinos who have crossed the poverty line. There are still many achievements that the President stated and had attest his success, or should I say â€Å"OUR† success. The Filipino people must help and also lift themselves up if they want change in the society, the government and also their own lives. Just like what the President said, â€Å"Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.† The change must also come through the ideals of change by the people. I guess, if we want a change, a more evident change, it must come from the people. Helping themselves first, making themselves worthy for the society, and through this they can make change, with the partnership of the President and the government. After all, this is a â €Å"DEMOCRACY†, by the people, for the people.