Mata Hari free essay sample

Mata Hari When espionage and sexual appeal intermix, Mata Hari comes to mind. Mata Hari was born Margaretha Geertruida was a Dutch exotic dancer and a double spy during World War l. She was ultimately executed in France under charges of espionage for Germany. History The earlier life of Mata Hari reflects on her transformation into a provocative spy. At an early age she began gaining fame as an exotic dancer in Paris of which she resided. She was considered a contemporary dancer in the early modern dance ovement, where she was viewed as an artistic inspiration. Her success as a dancer was aided by her promiscuous ways of flaunting her sexuality. She also became a mistress of a millionaire and was involved with some politicians and military officers. She performed throughout Europe, however, she was severely criticized by many due to her provocative ways. She ultimately became a courtesan to many high ranking military officials as her career began to decline. We will write a custom essay sample on Mata Hari or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her Dutch origins allowed Mata to cross national borders freely. She traveled between Spain and Britain to avoid battles during WWI, yet eventually led to suspicions of her espionage work. On February 13, 1917 Mata Hari was arrested in her room at the Hotel Plaza Athenee in Paris. She was put on trial and was accused of espionage on behalf of Germany. Her role as a double agent has been believed to have caused at least 50,000 soldiers to die. Court as found her guilty as she was executed by firing squad on October 15, 1917 at the age of 41 . Conclusion The case of Mata Hari remains vague as it has derived various different stories due to a lack of actual evidence. There has been conspiracies and stories that Mata Hari was simply a scapegoat by French counterespionage. Some researchers believe she was never a double spy rather a victim of manipulative setups of which the man who recruited her was the actual spy who used her as a cover.

Critical Thinking Case Study Essay Example

Critical Thinking Case Study Essay Example Critical Thinking Case Study Paper Critical Thinking Case Study Paper Essay Topic: Critical Thinking Chris had just been promoted as an Executive Assistant for Pat the CEO, Chief Executive Officer, of Faith Community Hospital. Pat had given Chris her very first assignment on her first day of work as an executive assistant and that was to gather information so that Pat can present the issues to the board of directors. Faith Hospital is faced with issues that needed attention and the board of directors must be notified of the issues so that a solution can be remedy to help the hospital stay in business. Chris was to look at the different issues that Pat had informed of her during their first meet and capture only what were the essential issues for the board of directors to know. Some of the strategic overview that Pat requested was to be able to answer the following questions: whats going on right now, what we can do about it, and what we should do about it retrieved from Resource January 28, 2006. Before Pat had informed Chris of the issues that the hospital faces, she was on top of the world even though it was Monday morning and raining. She was just engaged on Saturday will be graduating University of Phoenix on the following Saturday and will also be starting her new position as an executive assistant so there was nothing that can come her way that would let her down. Framing the problem The problem that Faith Hospital is dealing with is the decline of beliefs and spiritual values towards the hospitals missions statement. The hospitals mission states that the mission is to promote the health and well-being of the people in the communities we serve through a comprehensive continuum of services provided in collaboration with the partners who share the same vision and values. retrieved from Resource January 28, 2006. According to Chris, there are fewer community members and partners that know what the hospitals missions are and there are others that have different views and interpretations of what the mission should be. With the different interpretations of the mission the hospital is constantly faced with diverse cases that requires a decision-making solution and techniques to handle. Since the interpretation of the mission varies this attributes to one of the problem that the hospital is faced with such as: patient refusing medical services, do not resuscitate directives, how doctors are responding to the different scenarios and how certain government services and lawsuit affects the hospital. For example, some patients feel that they have the right to refuse certain medical services in which may be due to personal religious beliefs not to accept any medical surgery. On the other hand, there are staff members that refuse to provide certain medical services. This could be because some patients do not have insurance and that the staff is trying to help the hospital not lose any money if they do not provide services to non-insured patient. Another example would be the Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) directives. Some patients do not have their consent in written form so it is difficult for the hospital to abide with the patients wishes. The doctors responds to the hospitals mission in different scenarios in the medical services by abiding by their oath, which is to serve and provide services by putting the patients care first. This can also vary depending on the doctor, as some compassion about the patient and some are passionate about the patients ? right to die. So basically the doctors needs to balance the hospitals mission statement-based on personal belief and how they interpret the mission. On top of all this, the hospital also has to deal with different organizations such as the Child Protective Services. According to Pat, the hospital had a case in the Neo-Natal ward, where the Child Protective Services is in the process of taking custody of the baby and threatening to file charges against us because of the way we provided services or, as they allege, failed to provide services retrieved from Resource January 28, 2006. Another that attributes to the problem is how the media represents the hospital on the headline news that medical errors cause tens of thousands of deaths each year, close to 100,000 in hospitals alone. With that as the external panoramic view, let me paint the picture for you, from the inside, said Pat (Resource). This type of media coverage causes a decrease of the number of patients that the hospital serves every year. With the decrease of patient, that translates to the decrease of revenue for the hospital that affects the hospitals budget. Compare to the prior year the hospital lost 7% of the patient population. The hospital has 28% fixed cost yearly that is required to run the hospital business such as: paying the bills which most likely includes paying the employees, utilities equipment maintenance and serving the people. Some of the data shows that the hospital needs to hold steady at 7863 patients and 39,866 patient days or the hospital will need to reduce fixed cost by 15%. The fixed cost cannot be reduced so if there is decrease in the patient admittance into the hospital for service then the less income the hospital receives. That means the hospital needs decide on cutting the cost on the fixed cost just to break even to keep the hospital running. Some of the tough decisions would be to reduce the hospitals headcount. Solutions To help tackle the issues and problems, Faith hospitals board of director need to sit down and come up with ideas that will help the hospital resolve the issues. Solution One Solution One that I come up to help resolve the problem of maintaining and identifying the hospitals mission clearly is to provide a clear and concise procedures and policies that can be implemented. The policies and procedure has to be learned by all staff so that they can be familiarized with what needs to be done when the staff is faced with various cases. It is very difficult and impossible to write down every single item that the staff must do on certain occasion, as the medical field is unpredictable and nearly impossible to memorize. Staff member should focus and concentrate on important issue and quality care for the patients. The hospital needs to also focus on abiding by law to stay in operation while making the policies and procedures. The hospital cannot refuse care for non-insured patient especially if the patient is faced with a life threatening injury. By refusing care, the hospital will be faced with lawsuits if the patient is to die or cost more harm and injuries. For example, if the DNR is not in a written form, there is no question by the staff members but to provide the medical service needed by the patient. Solution Two Solution two that I can think of is to take a survey of employees according to their personal beliefs of how a patient should be treated and keep this survey on the employees record to ensure that the policies and procedures are clearly understood by everyone. This survey will help the hospital track what percent of the employees understand the hospitals mission. If the percent of the survey falls below 95% from the mission statement then Faith hospital needs to re-train employees in regards to the policies and procedures of the hospital. Solution Three To help improve and increase the number of patients that come to Faith hospital, solution three would be for better marketing of the hospital. If the hospital is market properly to entice patients on why they should go to Faith hospital instead of others then this will help the flow of patients. Advertising through the media such as the quality of service that patient can receive at the hospital will be outstanding, patient commitments and the type community service that the hospital provides. By having more patients should help offset the fixed cost on operating the hospital. Decision Chris needs to outline what type of decision-making techniques the board of directors should use in tackling the issues at Faith hospital and that technique should be dimensional analysis. Dimensional Analysis techniques is a checklist (Jensen, 1978) that relates to Five Ws and H, and is of most use as an aide memoir for initial exploration of a problem or evaluating options, particularly those associated with human relations, rather than of a technical nature retrieved on January 29, 2006, Dimensional Analysis. By identifying the five Ws (Who, What, Where, When) and H (How), this should assist in finding one solution. I think the best solution is the putting the policies and procedures in place. In doing this, employees that serves the hospital will have a clear and concise knowledge of the hospitals mission statement. This will help alleviate the in concision that is happening at the hospital. The five Ws and H can be represented by substantive dimension (Who? ), spatial dimension (where? ), temporal (When? ), quantitative (How much? ), and qualitative (How serious? ). Some of the questions that can be asked are substantive dimension or what asks the question like Is it necessary to change attitudes or practices? Another is spatial dimension or who, asks the question such as Recognize the exact area concerned. After identifying problem and the effects of it to the hospital, now the Pat can present to the board of directors the solutions that are feasible and achievable. It is not going to be an easy task to get all the board in agreeable to the solution but will help identify all the problems that needs to be resolved and in peoples mind. If the issues are not dealt with, there is a chance that the hospital will lose more money by losing more patients. Without the patients coming into the hospital, the hospital will not be around to serve the community. Like any  businesses, Faith has to earn money to be able to operate and serve customers. The solution that is identified to help with the problem will assist the hospital run a better business. In conclusion, the hospital needs to let the community be aware of the quality service that Faith hospital provides and once the trust from the community comes in this should help balance the budget once the flow of patients start to increase. The board of directors has to come to an agreement on maintaining the mission of the hospital and its survival. Without the mission statement, the hospitals spiritual beliefs and values will fail to exist.

The Things They Carried Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Things They Carried - Article Example In the rest of the story these items are used as a way of emphasizing the different kinds of emotional baggage that each man carries with him. Jimmy’s photographs signify his innocence and inexperience, while other photographs are used to remember partners and children. Some items denote rank, others denote role in the army, and still others provide much needed reminders of life at home, far from the war. One question which the book explores is how far the men live out their predestined fates – some returning from the war unharmed, while others are killed, and still others are damaged by physical or mental injury. By basing the story around these tiny objects, the author seems to be saying that people’s lives can be mapped out just from looking at what they have on their person. In some ways the book confirms this initial impression that everyone just follows a set plan, as if the objects are a map to the path that the person is fated to follow, but in other ways there is a deeper questioning of the whole meaning of war. It seems to me that the book is showing the reader that human life is not negotiable, and it is predestined to go a certain way, which in turn is decoded through everyday objects. It is true that people are largely controlled by a larger fate, but at the same time acts of heroism and love single out moments when people make moral choices, and this is not due to fate. The point is that acting out of free will is an exceptional thing, while following along a predetermined path is what most people find themselves

Consumption Patterns Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumption Patterns - Research Paper Example The consumers market is made of product, price, place and promotion all surrounded by economic, political, cultural, demographic and technological factors. The buyer may be influenced by knowledge, lifestyle patterns, perspectives, taste, character and motivational factors in buying the product. Prior to buying the same product, one may decide to search information about it from various sources, one may look for an alternative product, recognize a problem with the product or decide to buy it later. Purchasing the product can depend on one’s individual taste, brand recognition, dealer, amount of the product, or the time the product is being sold (Boone & Kurtz 287). In the United States, various types of consumer behavior exist among different parts of the country. America has been inhabited by many types of cultures over the years. This immigration has not only formed an outstanding culture but also created various subcultures or ethnic groups within the whole of America. Thes e groups have the same religion, beliefs, heritage and experiences that distinguish them from other members of the society. African Americans and Asian Americans are an example of such groups and compose of around a third of the US population. Hence, their similarities contribute to possession of the same consumption patterns (Hoyer & Falcnnis 323). A minority of the ethnic groups exhibit different behavioral patterns with each group having specific preferences in food, clothing, music, and cosmetics such as skin and hair care products among others. American consumers for instance demonstrate a desire to embrace new fashions as well as frequent shopping compared to others. Media also affects consumption patterns. Some media exist for a specific ethnic group or many subgroups. Hence, it may decide to use the ethnic language to conduct its advertising and promotional campaigns to reach the target audience. Religion brings with it values, and beliefs about various issues such as unders tanding of sex, family life customs, norms and morality. What is consumed is guided by religion, a key concern that should guide marketers in product distribution. Consumers shopping behavior is largely influenced by their different needs and preferences (Meisis & Tait, 123). African Americans African Americans display a large and widespread group that is composed of many subgroups with regard to regions, academic and profession. According to reports, almost 30% of the population possesses 50,000 dollars and above GDP while 46% stays at home majority of whom are single parent families where women are the main breadwinners. On the level of education, almost 15% are college graduates out of the 24% of the whole us population. In terms of consumer behavior, African Americans believe in freedom of life, dressing and presentation. They are very independent and value their culture, which they struggle to maintain as they are mostly less concerned with other groups way of life and do not e asily imitate. Their consumption patterns are grounded on the principles of individual presentation, importance of style and beauty. In relation to the above is the search for recognition and status revelation. In the attempt of describing their fashion statement, African Americans mostly buy the ‘boy’s clothing’. This has made them become targets for commercial advertisers due

My Strengths and Weaknesses Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My Strengths and Weaknesses - Assignment Example That is, my actions speak louder than words. This becomes real when explaining something to other employees in that, I have to practically show them how to do it. I am also one person who ignores friends when working on serious issues. I find it hard to substitute one for the other or mix them. I believe in one way or another my personality traits and preferred styles can positively influence and thus advance my interpersonal skills at work in the following ways. First, my very dedicated personality, high self-motivation, enthusiasticy, honesty, patience and hardworking personalities will keep my fellow colleagues at work want to work with me. This is because; my personality traits and preferred styles tend to accommodate every person in my life. Secondly, when people look up to you, which I believe they do, you always want to at least maintain that or improve (Adrian, 1994, p. 409). Therefore, I will always be on my toes to improve my interpersonal skills at work since this is how good personality is practically

Drama Essays Shakespeares Tempest

Drama Essays Shakespeares Tempest The conflict and contrast between the utopian ideals and Elizabethan politics presented in Shakespeares The Tempest The play opens with a description of a terrifying and relentless storm that wrecks the ship belonging to the King of Naples, Alonso. The wreck drifts onto the shore of Properos island but the force of the sea is insuperable, and the boatswain appeals to the noblemen, crying out that they are hindering the others. He calls to Gonzalo, If you can command these elements to silence, and work the peace of the present, we will not hand a rope more. Antonio and Sebastian are also rebuked by the boatswain, and reminded of the inefficacy of their social status is nothing in such a critical situation, invoking their wrath, while simultaneously hinting at the bias of the play. We suspect the boatswain will be proven right, and that Shakespeare gently asks us to heed the rude wisdom of the common pragmatists, even or especially- the context of ostensibly decadent theatricality. Hence from the start we are presented with an intriguing balance of high romantic drama, opinionated political commentary, and fragile idealism. The shipwreck symbolises considerably more than what it appears to at first. It is no mere vehicle for the themes of the play to hitch a lift on, it is representative of an entire societys collapse into irretrievable disarray. Indeed, it may be representative of the doom faced by all faulty societies. As such it is a moral vehicle, carrying an apparently disparate group of frightened and confused figures to their ide ntical destiny. As Soji Iwasaki writes, A voyage is often a symbol of the progress of a mans life, and the sea is symbolic of Fortune; a shipwreck is a typical instance of bad fortune, while a ship sailing before a fair wind is an image of good fortune. Sometimes a ship at sea serves as a symbol of the Church, in which the whole congregation sails over the sea of ProvidenceIn The Tempest it is Goddess Fortune (1.2.178) that drives Alonsos ship towards the island of Prospero, where a tempest is caused by Prosperos magic. Prospero judges the ship to be full of sinfull soules, a reference to the political crimes of the characters on board. The King of Naples was guilty of usurping the Milanese dukedom, Antonio betrayed Prospero- his own brother, while Sebastian, Stephano and Trinculo are all intrinsically evil. In fact the only figure to escape judgement is Gonzalo, a harmless courtier. These figures will not find their arbitration in the next life, by some god-figure, though, as Shakespeare takes pains to emphasise. Prospero is the only figure with deific power, literary or figurative, in the play: his magical powers, clearly, serve a metaphorical purpose, symbolising the power of rhetoric and the force that lies behind absolute righteousness. Since Prospero has been wronged, Shakespeare seems to (fatalistically) say, he will vindicate himself using the power that comes from knowledge and wisdom- just synonyms for what is called magic in the play. Prospero knows how to rebuke and is wise enough to fin d forgiveness in his heart. As the ship will eventually return to Naples, the plays theme arguably evolves into dealing with the ruin and rebirth of a commonwealth. Between the first, highly symbolic tempest scene, and the final heraldic manoeuvre, the plays action all occurs on the island. Prospero reveals to Miranda the truth he has kept from her for twelve years, since her infancy. He tells her of his brother, her uncle, Antonios usurpation of his dukedom of Milan and the hardship they were forced to endure as a result. While Antonio behaved callously by acting on his jealous desire to take over his brothers dukedom, Prospero was partially to blame too, since he had been preoccupied with his private, obsessive studies of cultivation of the mind, neglecting all the state business (1.2.89-97) to which he admits he should have been more committed. By handing the state affairs over to Antonio and investing so much trust in him, Prospero unwittingly sewed seeds of ambition in his brother, instigating his own down fall. As Iwasaki describes it, Prospero committed a double offence: he forgot the balance between action and meditation that, as sovereign ruler, he should remember, and he also made a mistake in trusting the wrong person, a mistake which a ruler should never make. Ficino reports on the same problem. No reasonable being doubts that there are three kinds of life: the contemplative, the active, and the pleasurable (contemplativa, activa, voluptuosa). And three roads to felicity have been chosen by men: wisdom, power, and pleasure (sapientia, potentia, voluptas). Renaissance humanists aspired to a harmony of the three. Prospero chides himself for his youthful pursuit of the contemplative, where his preoccupation with esoteric learning came at the price, eventually, of his political power. Prospero may be paying some kind of price, but it is very difficult to read the Tempest as a cautionary text. Shakespeares attitude to power and wisdom is not so clear cut, there appears to be more than one kind of power and more than one kind of wisdom, after all, and although this is not recognised explicitly by the characters in the play (who operate on the Ficino model), Shakespeare wryly alludes to the holes in the world-view of his people. Shakespeare knows that there is power beyond and after usurpation, a power beyond the political and more powerful than any government- and it is a sort of wisdom. He represents it in the only way he can- symbolically- as magic. Prosperos power is also inextricable from his idealism, too. He has transposed his ownersh ip, the projected environment that has come to signify his sense of self, onto the Island. Thus his ideal society as an image has been projected onto a wild and natural, complicated, uncontrollable and antisocial, setting. In fact, wild and frightening imagery very often accompanies a commentary on a social naivety, and naivety about the limits and nature of power. The first scene, with the tempest and the useless noblemen, springs to mind immediately for reasons I have already explored, and the scene where Caliban is introduced makes the same point soon after, as he speaks bitterly and fearfully of Prospero, Enter CALIBAN with a burden of wood. A noise of thunder heard CALIBAN All the infections that the sun sucks up From bogs, fens, flats, on Prosper fall and make him By inch-meal a disease! His spirits hear me And yet I needs must curse. But theyll nor pinch, Fright me with urchinshows, pitch me i the mire, Nor lead me, like a firebrand, in the dark Out of my way, unless he bid em; In many ways Caliban embodies Shakespeares preoccupation with exposing the popular but inaccurate conceptions of what constitutes power, The play also fails to question Calibans position as a savage and slave, and seems to validate and legitimise it by his behaviour and his attempted rape of the sweet Miranda. In many ways the play acts out the treatment of indigenous people by Europeans. The values system of Caliban is silenced and simply seen as barbaric. He is costructed as the Other, different from Europeans and therefore naturally inferior (But thy vile race-/Though thou didst learn had that int which good/natures/Could not abide to be with; therefore wast thou/Deservedly confined into this rock). If we see Caliban as representative of the indigenous peoples dispossessed by European colonisers the previous quotations certainly shows how it is his race and nature that makes him inferior, even though the benevolent Whites tried so valiantly to make him human. Caliban is supremely ironical, then, since he is the least civilised but the most symbolically loaded: the most powerful on the level of reading (or viewing) a play- the only character who represents more information than his actions will ever reveal. Prospero, by contrast, finds himself judged and committed entirely by his actions, although his power actually lies in his psychological strength: his knowledge and wisdom. In fact, Caliban and Prospero, as characters, represent two sides of this play about politics and idealism. While Prospero is a meditator who is treated for his activity, Caliban is an activator and catalyst of discourse who is treated only as intellectually weak. Both characters are more active in their capacity as viewed figures than as real people within the universe of the play, however, underlining one of the many ways in which that this play is idealistic: its potential for bypassing narrative viewing and settling at an ideological operative level. Prospero onl y works when we suspend our assumptions about realism and begin hearing in his voice the tones of Shakespeare himself, when we cease assuming that this character should be literal and real not affecting a performance. Prospero and Caliban, like, perhaps most of the characters in The Tempest, exceed mimesis and function as narrators of their own lives. Their words, then, express their own ideals, and between the lines of the words they say we can be sensitive to the playwrights attitudes to the naivety that informed the politics and idealism of his own society, The Tempest is Shakespeares dramatization of his political ideas concerning the state and the prince. Prosperos island is a model of a commonwealth: Prospero is the king, his magic a symbol of his absolute power, Ariel the agent of his government, and Caliban all the subjects (1.2.341) Shakespeare makes much of the criminally large amount of trust Prosperos invested in his brother. As Iwasaki notes, Prospero was not an ideal prince in his trusting his brother nor in his neglect of a life of action; his loss of the dukedom was a result of his disqualification as a prince. He did not put realpolitik into practice. Alonso is another failure as a sovereign ruler. Having sent in marriage his daughter Claribel to a far-off country, he has now lost his only son and heir Ferdinand to his great sorrow. The political uneasiness of a kingdom with no prospect of its future succession is analogous to the actual situation of the Virgin Queens commonwealth, in which succession problems caused political unrest and governmental debates Theory aside, there are keen racial implications, entangled in the rhetoric of ostensible politically sensitive play. The Tempest has generally been read as a play about forgiveness and reconciliation, change and transformation, illusion and magic and the Prosperos usurpation. Such interpretations generally privilege the attitudes of noble, educated Europeans- in particularly those of Prospero. Such readings are in danger of nulling Calibans rights and silencing his appeal for freedom. A postcolonial reading leads to another reading entirely: The Tempest can then be appreciated as allegorical, referencing the exploitation of indigenous races, with Caliban as a single figure standing for the natives of the New World who were dispossessed and exploited by the European powers. Caliban voices the indignance of the natives who were widely treated as inferior and even sub-human because of their skin colour and their differing cultural traits- which lead to their social marginalisation as u ncivilised. Due to their widely accepted, aggressive branding as inferior creatures, the natives were exploited to benefit the economy, through their capture and subsequent use as slaves. Arguably, the manner of representing race in The Tempest suffers from being heavily and naively Eurocentric. Calibans physicality evidences his difference, which is arrogantly equated with inferiority, something even found in his name which is almost an anagram of cannibal. Yet I have argued that Shakespeare is conscious of his characterisation as separate from himself, and that, although they may sometimes speak with his voice they certainly have distinct voices of their own. Shakespeare takes pains to establish a partially artificial, in many ways almost pantomimical, universe where characters who react to each other naively or selfishly, are in fact being puppeteered by the playwright who has filled the gaps between every line of the play with invisible communications aimed directly at his audience. Hence Shakespeare does not see his savage as a cannibal, he has named him so to signal the way in which the other characters/puppets in his play perceive Caliban. At first sight, the Europeans, Stephano and Antonio, see Caliban as an anomaly that they might be able to sell in Europe as a spectacular freak, saleable for his Otherness: an alien that their perception has constructed. Their attitude is shocking in its narrow capitalist scope: Trinculo says Were I in England now as once I was and had but this fish painted, not a holiday-fool there would give a piece of silver and Antonio and Sebastian also see him as a marketable product that can be bought and sold, Very like. One of them Is a plain fish, and no doubt marketable Race is therefore a marker for one human-ness and anything other than European is constructed as naturally inferior, without rights and available to be exploited for economic purposes. In one writers opinion, Caliban is constructed as innately inferior and savage because of his race. This is articulated by the supposedly sweet and tender Miranda: But thy vile race -/Though thou didst learn had that int which good natures/Could not abide to be with ..'(31) In these lines Calibans race is seen as the reason for his barbaric behaviour it is his very nature that makes him savage and dangerous. In this the text constructs other non-European races as savage, less human, incapable of so-called civilisation all because of their race: this is a damning indictment of non-Europeans as it positions them as naturally inferior and unable to change their ways so that they will never be able to develop the fine sensitivity and refinement of Western civilisation. All the characters in the play speak and think politically and everyone is aware of the significance of the state as both a real, specific, place, and a general idea. Where some characters are idealists, others are have a grave ambitions to achieving power. Speaking for the idealists, Gonzalo details his dream in such detail it evokes a certain melancholy- only those so far from paradise can imagine its details with absolute precision, I th commonwealth I would by contraries Execute all things, for no kind of traffic Would I admit; no name of magistrate; Letters should not be known; riches, poverty, And use of service, none; contract, succession, Bourn, bound of land, tilth, vineyard, none No use of metal, corn, or wine, or oil; No occupation, all men idle, all, And women too, but innocent and pure; No sovereignty All things in common nature should produce Without sweat or endeavour. Treason, felony, Sword, pike, knife, gun, or need of any engine Would I not have, but nature should bring forth Of it own kind all foison, all abundance To feed my innocent people. (2.1.145-62) In the words of Alvin Kernan, For the old courtier Gonzalo, as for those who would later settle the many utopian communities of America, the new world offers the opportunity to recover the lost Eden where, freed of the weight of European society, human nature will be purified and the sins of the old world left behind. Gonzalos island country may excel[s] the golden age (166) in the sense that there is no property, unfair wealth, employment nor exploitation but Gonzalo describes a commonwealth controlled by contraries, that is- a nonsensical place of inverted logic. In fact, Gonzalos ideal principality is markedly similar to that other island government, Thomas Mores Utopia- an ideal place free from property, currency, or enclosure where gold and silver are hated. Stephen Greenblatt points out that Mores utopia is dense with contradiction: in Hythlodaeuss account freedoms are heralded, only to shrink in the course of the descriptionFor example, travelling is free and a citizen may go anywhere he likes in the country, but only with the Mayors permission, and a record of the date of return, and wherever the traveller goes he must work. Should he be caught breaking any of these rules, the traveller faces punishment as an illegal runaway and would be instantly sent home. Furthermore, if he continues to flount the rules, he risks being sent into slavery. The freedom and, subsequently, the Utopia, suddenly seems rather less ideal with these ominous qualifications. Gonzalos commonwealth contains similar contradictions, particularly, Had I plantation of this isle . . . And were the king ont . . . , I would by contraries / Execute all things . . . / No sovereignty. Gonzalo is thinking on his feet, dreaming, and like a dream his thoughts need follow no consistent logic. A kingdom with no sovereignty is obviously a contradiction, as Sebastian and Antonio are quick to point out. Gonzalos commonwealth is an abstraction, an impossible, in many ways a perfect example of the Utopia, the impossible, seductive, unrealisable dream- like the communist one of our times, a real place that nevertheless exists nowhere. Set in stark contrast to Gonzalos gentle innocence optimism stands the brash cynicism of Antonio and Sebastian. As Iwasaki writes, These are such people as are wickedly ambitious for higher status. One is a usurper, and the other once attempted usurpation. Their idea of a kingdom is not such a Utopia as Gonzalo imagines, where the people are all contented with their freedom and natural abundance, nor is it a holy kingdom ruled by an anointed king, the earthly heaven; the kingdom they conceive is a country owned by themselves, tyrants whose interest is solely in their own material felicity and wilful domination over the people. Stephano, a drunken servingman, also desires to be master of the island, and attempts to kill Prospero. It is because of the bottled spirit he owns that Caliban asks him to be his king. Stephanos wine is a physical correlative to his spiritual power; it is what Ariel is to Prospero. If Stephanos kingdom were to come into being, he and Trinculo, together with Caliban, might have a utopia of fools very much like Bruegels The Land of Cockaigne, where people can eat and drink as much as they l ike, yet they never have to work. The theoretical quality of Prosperos magic for which I have been arguing is backed up by his realism, the authorial voice, perhaps, finding a mouthpiece in this character. It is not Prosperos intention to transform his Island into a utopia. He lacks the naÃÆ'Â ¯ve optimism of Gonzalo, with his imagined new world and ideal plantation, where people are impossibly, illogically liberated from the social conventions of the Old World. Indeed Prospero is actively opposed to the illogical and knows intuitively that the wisest decisions can only be made through accommodation of all the facts of life, however unpalatable. Prospero values education to the point of snobbery, and when Ferdinand lands on the island, Prospero intends to marry Miranda to him, someone who, as the Prince of Naples, ought to have a proper education for a future king. Stunned with grief for his fathers death, Ferdinand is drawn by Ariels magical song to Prospero and his daughter. When the two youngsters meet they fall in love instantly, both mesmerised by the wonder of the others beauty, as she calls him spirit and he refers to her as goddess. Despite their passion, however, Prospero intervenes; he is adamant that Ferdinand should recieve a princely education, since he will eventually rule over both Naples and Milan. Prospero is emphatic that the new prince should have an awareness and appreciation of real politics that Prospero himself never had, and suffered for his ignorance of, thirteen years ago. So Prospero imparts trials upon Ferdinand, calling him a usurper for assuming his fathers kingdom while he is still alive, and accusing him of being a spy who intends to steal the island from Prospero: Thou dost here usurp The name thou owst not, and has put thyself Upon this island as a spy, to win it From me, the lord ont. (1.2.454-57) When Ferdinand draws his sword against Prospero, the old man entraps the youth by means of his magic, again, an obvious analogy for the power of superior wisdom. Ferdinand is humiliated, made to surrender and forced to carry logs. He is unaware of the effort, however, cherishing Mirandas love so much that he endures the slavish work with astonishing patience. Iwasaki compares Ferdinands education to the learning principle implied in Raphaels picture of The Dream of Scipio, In the left background of the picture is depicted a knight on horseback climbing the difficult passage to the tower of virtues on the top of a craggy mountain, the journey, of course, representing the trial a knight must undertake to achieve the knightly virtues, represented here by the book and the sword held by the lady in the foreground. Ferdinand, capable of a life of pleasure as a lover, is now encouraged, like Scipio, to go through a trial for his self-fashioning. Raphaels picture of Scipio was given by Thomaso Borgese of Siena to his son Sipione as a moral lesson, and like Thomaso, Prospero is a man whose educational ideal is Renaissance-humanistic. Through his slavery, as he subsists on plain food and water, Ferdinand tells Prospero that all his hardships are but light to me, Might I but through my prison once a day Behold this maid. All corners else o th earth Let liberty make use ofspace enough Have I in such a prison. (1.2.490-94) When Miranda sees Ferdinand labouring she yearns to take his place. Since the lovers devotion is characterised by their wish to serve each others physical labours, this slave labour itself comes to define the nature of their love. That is, they share a need to express their love through bearing the burden of the other, sparing the others body any pain. Their labour, then, in a kind of paradox, comes to signify the bliss of their mutual adoration- Shakespeare pits ethereal magic against physical work repeatedly in this play, and the message here seems to be that true love is best expressed through the essential of shared labour. The name Miranda, of course, has the meaning wonder and miraveglia (the principle of heroic wonder), comprising part of what Iwasaki calls the neoplatonic rhetoric of love: Admired Miranda! Indeed the top of admiration! Worth Whats dearest to the world! (3.1.37-39) Ferdinands love of Miranda seems appears to represent the affections female adoration according to the prescribed ritual of noble courting, but his feminine obsessiveness is levelled out and enhanced by the masculine force of his sweethearts devotion. Their love is emphatically built upon a systematic balance, a mechanism of reflection and reaction, eros and anteros, modern, complimentary, and more neoplatonic than conventionally courtly. Yet there remains in Shakespeares words a forceful, if unbiased, commentary on masculine dominance- particularly in the person of Prospero- that represents an ideology apt to Jacobean sexual politics. References Bacon, Francis. Essays [1625]. London: Oxford UP, 1937, 1962. Castiglione, Baldesar. Il Cortegiano [writ. 1518, pub. 1528]. C. S. Singleton, trans. The Book of the Courtier. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1959. Corbett, Margery and Ronald Lightbown. The Comely Frontispiece: The Emblematic Title-page in England 1550-1660. London: Routledge Kegan Paul, 1979. Erasmus, Desiderius. The Education of a Christian Prince, trans. L. K. Born. New York: Norton, 1968. Freedberg, David. The Prints of Pieter Bruegel the Elder (Catalogue for the Exibition, organized by Bridgestone Museum of Art, Tokyo, January 7- Febrary 26, 1989). Tokyo: Tokyo Shimbun, 1989. Frye, Northrop. Introduction to The Tempest in William Shakespeare: The Complete Works, general ed. A. Harbage (New York: Viking P, 1977). Godyere, Henry. The Mirrovr of Maiestie (1618), facsimile reprint, ed. Henry Green and James Croston. Manchester: A. Brothers and London: Trubner, 1870. Greenblatt, Stephen. Renaissance Self-Fashioning. Chicago and London: U. of Chicago P, 1980, 1984. Hamilton, Donna B. Virgil and The Tempest: The Politics of Imitation. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 1990. James, King, VI and I. Political Writings, ed. Johann P. Sommerville. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994. Kernan, Alvin. Shakespeare, the Kings Playwright: Theater in the Stuart Court, 1603-1613. New Haven and London: Yale UP, 1995. Knapp, Jeffrey. An Empire Nowhere: England, America, and Literature from Utopia to The Tempest. Berkeley: U of California P, 1992. Machiavelli, NiccolÃÆ'Â ². The Prince, trans. L. Ricci, rev. E. R. P. Vincent. London: Oxford UP, 1935, 1960. More, Thomas. Utopia (1518), trans. Robert M. Adams. New York: Norton, 1975. Nuttall, A.D. New Mimesis: Shakespeare and the Representation of Reality. London: Broadview PR, 2001. Orgel, Stephen, ed. The Tempest (Oxford Shakespeare series). Oxford: Clarendon P, 1987. Peacham, Henry. Minerva Britanna: or A Garden of Heroical Deuises (1612); facsimile reprint, ed. John Horden. Menston, Yorkshire: Scolar P, 1969, 1973. Puttenham, George. The Arte of English Poesie, eds. Willcock and Walker. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1936. Wind, Edgar. Pagan Mysteries in the Renaissance. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Bks., 1967 Shakespeare, W. The Tempest 1.1.21-23

Hocus Pocus Abracadabra Essay -- Mythology

As a child the notion of magic was as simple as a magician sawing a woman in half, then piecing her back together, or the illusion of a human gravitating in mid air. Even as adults, we are still awed by such pastime entertainments of magic. On the contrary, Rebecca L. Stein and Philip L. Stein depict magic as a way of life similarly to elements of religion. In The Anthropology of Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft Stein and Stein illustrated magic as being a subcategory to religion; laws of magic; functions of magic; how it works; magic in society; and divination. In terms, of magic, what is it; and what makes it real? WHAT IS MAGIC? Magic refers to methods that somehow interface with the supernatural and by which people can bring about particular outcomes (Stein and Stein 136). Unlike religion, magic is geared to the satisfaction of an individual (e.g. Voodoo). Magic in contemporary societies has negative connotations affiliating magic to witchcraft or Voodoo like practices. Unlike religions rituals that tend to involve the whole of the community, magic is often centered on the needs and desires of an individual (Stein and Stein 137). However, in Western civilizations magic is the â€Å"answer† to unanswerable questions, and is the validation to which things are the way they are (dream interpretations, psychics). For instance, teenyboppers craze over horoscopes in Pop culture magazines. Readers feed into justifications to their emotions and faith, and hopes of true love. Overall, who wants to be in the world alone and lost? Therefore, horoscopes are the directions when one is confused when they are at the fork in the road. Based on that, is magic an omniscient power that can collectively derive from the supernatural? In some cases, m... ...o are hungry, or the faith for those who are near the edge of giving up. Regardless of the levels of diversity in cultures magic exist in various forms. Works Cited 1. Howie, Linda, et al. â€Å"Some Thoughts on Magic: Its Use and Effect in Undergraduate Student Life.† Totem: The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology 19.1 (2011): 187. Web 30 Mar. 2012 2. Stein, Rebecca L, and Stein L. Philip. The Anthropology of Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft. 3rd ed. *Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, (2011), p. 136. Print 3. Stein, Rebecca L, and Stein L. Philip. The Anthropology of Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft. 3rd ed. *Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, (2011), p. 137. Print 4. Zorich, Zach. â€Å"Archaeology† Fighting with Jaguars, Bleeding for Rain 61.1 (2008): n. pag. Web. 30 Mar 2012. http://www.archaeology.org/0811/etc/boxing.html.

Work Of Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe Architecture Essay

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe ( 1886-1969 ) , a German-born designer is widely regarded as one of the pioneering Masterss of Modern architecture, responsible for set uping and popularising a new architectural manner in the U.S. Mies left Germany in 1938 to head the Armour Institute, which subsequently became the Illinois Institute of Technology. His design of the Main Campus and of other of import edifices, such as the flat towers at 860 and 880 North Lake Shore Drive in Chicago and the Seagram Building in New York, helped put a new aesthetic criterion for modern architecture. ( Blake, 1960 ) .Mies created an animating twentieth century architectural manner, stated with high lucidity and simpleness. He carried the ideals of rationalism and minimal art to new degrees. His work in US made usage of modern stuffs such as steel and glass to specify interior infinites. ( Kostof, 1995 ) . He called his edifices â€Å" skin and castanetss † architecture. He wanted to accomplish an architec ture with a minimum model of structural order balanced against the implied freedom of free fluxing infinite. Mies ‘ Buildings in US radiate the assurance, reason and elegance of their Godhead, free of ornamentation surplus. ( Blake, 1960 ) His doctrine that â€Å" less is more † became a guideline for designers in the twentieth century. ( SearchQuotes ) With the constitution of a new campus for the Illinois Institute of Technology ( IIT ) , Mies van der Rohe had the chance to be after the campus every bit good as several other of edifice. The Minerals and Metallic elements edifice ( 1942- 1943 ) was Mies ‘ really first building on the campus. This edifice marked the first measure toward the realisation of Mies ‘ maestro program for the IIT campus which was one of his most celebrated plants in America. This undertaking is â€Å" non something made by the God of Crown hall † stated by Kevin Harrington but instead Mies urges us to understand the edifice as portion of the development of his ain architectural language.This is where we foremost see his passage from signifiers that has been â€Å" beloved to his bosom † , seen in his work in Europe, to new signifiers that were â€Å" possible, necessary and important † . It is in the Minerals and Metallic elements edifice we foremost see Mies usage of invol ute -steel- I beam as portion of his structural grammar. Mies ‘ unconventional usage of steel was a map to the interior of the edifice, and it inaugurated a technique he used once more in his undertakings in America. Giedion,1982 ) . Crown Hall ( 1950-1956 ) . This edifice situated on the IIT campus is a modern chef-d'oeuvre. The National Historic landmark described Crown hall as â€Å" A consecutive forward look of building and materiality, which allows the construction to transcent into art † . Crown hall is an tremendous room, 120 ten 220 ft. in program, 18 ft. high without interior columns, used for the architectural school. The edifice is raised several pess above the land to let visible radiation for the below grade school of Design. The most interesting point is the structural solution of open structural beams above the roof, doing dear the method of accomplishing the clear-span inside. The immense graduated table of the edifice and the column-free unfastened program of the chief floor of Crown hall demonstrates Mies ‘ advanced construct of making cosmopolitan infinite. Mies van der Rohe ended his relationship with the school in 1958. ( Blake,1960 ) Exterior, entry facade Open program of Crown hall, making cosmopolitan infinite. Switching off from Mies work on IIT campus, another of his well celebrated work is Farnsworth House ( 1946-1951 ) .A little weekend retreat outside Chicago. The ‘Farnsworth house ‘ is one of the most radically minimalist houses of all time designed. It ‘s interior, a individual room, subdivided by dividers and wholly enclosed in glass. â€Å" The mutism speaks to us through the gentle and contlingent scene of the house on its site † Hartoonian ( 1984, pp.48 ) .The edifice is held together by merely eight steel columns. Mies van de Rohe was able to recognize spacial and structural thoughts. For illustration the I beams are both structural and expressive. â€Å" The usage of glass negates the dialectics of enclosure and openness † Hartoonian ( 1984, pp.48 ) . Farnsworth House which may look as an iconic glass box to be viewed from afar is instead a infinite through which life unfolds both independently and interdependently with nature. ( Blake, 1960 ) . Sketch of Mies Farnsworth ‘s House. Floor program of Farnsworth House. The Seagram Building on Park Avenue was Mie ‘s first effort at tall office edifice construction.Mies creates a arresting memorial to the International Styles religion in simpleness and lucidity. The 38-story tower rapidly began the state ‘s most influential and copied office edifice, an instant classic. The edifice ‘s external faces are given their character by the quality of the stuffs used – the tinted glass and the bronzy ‘I-beams ‘ applied all the manner up the edifice. In the image below you can see the edifice is pulled back from street line to let the edifice to besiege the reverse commissariats of the metropolis codification â€Å" every bit good as make its ain external respiration infinite † ( Kostof,1995 ) The Seagram Building is the first bronze-coloured skyscraper. The metal bronze tegument that is seen in the frontage is non-structural but is used to show the thought of the structural frame that is underneath. Extra perpendicu lar elements were besides welded to the window panels, non merely to stiffen the tegument for installing and air current burden, but to aesthetically farther heighten the perpendicular articulation of the edifice. ( Blake,1960 ) . Exterior position from the northwest Structural program of one corner, demoing the chief. wharf and projecting I- beams. 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago is another of Mies ‘ high rise edifice where he implied the same manner of modern architecture carried in his undertakings in the US. The 26-story towers surrounding Lake Michigan give a beautiful waterfront position. The ground for this creative activity involved his construct that architecture should be independent of the site. The edifices are renowned for their structural lucidity and composing on the site. The same common stuffs are used in this undertaking: steel, aluminum and glass. The most impressive characteristic of the edifice is the tegument and bone look of the steel and glass towers.The steel I-beams effortlessly define the construction while the glass suspends and encloses infinite. It is obvious that he relies on lucidity of signifier achieved through elegant proportions. Prior to this point, construction was hidden within architecture, but here we see a change.Mies merged the two by exposing the steel, recognizing his ain words: â€Å" When engineering reaches it true fulfillment, it transcends into architecture † This is non merely seen in this undertaking but many of his other undertakings in the US. ( Blase,1999 ) Two flat edifices at cross axis towards one another on the triangular site presenting position of environing country. Another of Mies really dramatic undertakings is Federal Center.Here one time once more we see the minimalist glass and steel design which is really simple yet really dramatic. Harmonizing to the AIA usher of Chicago: â€Å" Mies ‘s sturdy devotedness to principle, together with his vaunted sensitiveness to proportion and structural item, and, in this instance, the organisational graduated table, combine to give the composite a monumental urban presence. Both towers are curtain-wall constructions, feature of the high-rise design of Mies ‘s American period. Their steel frames, suppressed behind unvarying walls of glass and steel, are marked off by projecting steel I-beam mullions. The Post Office, a unitary infinite with a cardinal nucleus, is likewise typical of Mies ‘s reductivist construct of the single-storey marquee. Externally thin yet powerful structural columns of steel brace tremendous window glasss of tinted glass. † The place at the federal centre is cold, uninviting which minimum seating and with this the one narrative station office, everything feels really useful. But this does non intend Mies lacked an oculus for detail.His oculus for inside informations is seen through all glass design, which was really calculated every bit good as the granite tiles of place to the granite walls in the anteroom. Black I-beams expression really industrial running up the side of the edifice and are wholly cosmetic. The Alexander Caldwell ‘s flamingo construction in the centre is marked contrast to the field edifice behind it. ( Blaser,2004 ) The place of the Mies new wave der rohe designed Federal centre in Chicago, The Klucynski builidng is to the left, one narrative station office to the right and Alezander Caldwells flamingo construction in the centre. Mies van der Rohe without a uncertainty created an influential twentieth century architectural manner in the US, stated with high lucidity and simplicity.He helped specify modern architecture in the US by stressing unfastened infinite, uncovering the industrial stuffs used and reinventing the signifier of edifices. He carried the ideals of rationalism and minimal art to new degrees. This is clearly apparent in Minerals and Metallic elements, Crown hall, Farnsworth house, Seagram edifice and the Federal Center.His usage of modern stuffs such as glass and steel can besides be seen in these edifices. Mie ‘s ‘ Buildings in the US radiate the assurance, reason and elegance of their Godhead, free of extra ornamentation. He follows his doctrine that â€Å" less is more † and this attack of Mies is pertinent as of all time in his undertakings. ( Blake,1960 ) .

Development of Thetrical Text From Classical Period essays

Development of Thetrical Text From Classical Period essays Aristotle was the first person to describe theatre theory, he also was the first who social and spiritual interpretation of text. He first classified, described and moreover produced a clear idea which way theatre is structured. According to Aristotle text is representation. It is important to look at the perceived reality and study it particularly. Aristotle rejected Platos theory of forms and moved to the theory being. He did so by observing reality, analyzing it and finally classifying. For Aristotle poetry is an object of studying like any other phenomenon, it is a useful representation (involving intellectual process, process of identification) of reality, it arouses emotion and brings purification of reality. Poetry represents what people would say or would do, thus clarity of causes and effects. Tragedy, through pity and fear, accomplishes the catharsis of emotions. Tragic catharsis, however, cannot be reduced to the purgation of the emotions. As Aristotle put the catharsi s clause at the end of the definition of tragedy, catharsis must be the final cause of making tragedies and represent the proper effect of the tragedy. On the other hand, catharsis as purgation of emotion is an automatic process on the side of the audience after they feel pity and fear and is not characteristic of tragic performance. Aristotle argues that comedy imitates the action of men worse than ourselves. However, not every kind of fault but only the ridiculous, which is a species of the ugly should be imitated in comedy. This ridiculous is a kind of mistake which is not painful or destructive. Aristotle also argues that the pleasure derived from the double construction of plot (poetic justice) belongs rather to comedy than tragedy. Tragedy imitates the action of superior people is a generic specification concerning what tragedy imitates and not a requirement concerning what tragedy should imitate. Similarly, not only the ideal comedy, bu...

Flexi Timings for Employees in an IT Organization

Flexi Timings for Employees in an IT Organization Free Online Research Papers Objective Now days every organization is looking out for new ways and efficient and effective workforce planning mechanisms which can help them increase their productivity, make proper utilization of the resources (especially human resources) and provide complete employee satisfaction. Flexi-Time working is being accepted by more and more number of organizations now days because it is highly effective in providing complete employee satisfaction and helps the organizations to increase its productivity. There are many reasons why organisations should consider a more flexible approach to working patterns and leave arrangements. The benefits can be wide-ranging and long-lasting as well as providing short term solutions. As a business case will demonstrate, investing in employee well-being makes good business sense, not only in terms of improving performance, raising morale and reducing stress, but also improving attraction, recruitment and retention performance. â€Å"Companies that allow their staff to work flexibly reap handsome dividends. It is a case of a little going a long way.† â€Å"Work organisation and flexible working practices that benefit both the employer and the individual, will characterize the high performance work place of the future.† Efficiency, Effectiveness and retaining the employees for longer period can be got through Flexi working approach. The purpose of this article is to report findings from a study taken up on an IT organization (Navaraga Corporation held at Hyderabad) which gave up flexible working to its employees by using web collaborations tools and to examine the impact on the work and employees. Navaraga Corporation held at Hyderabad had been actively promoting this approach for several years and have measured the benefits across a wide range of criteria over a significant time period. Methodology Navaraga Corporation, has introduced a policy for flexible working since the time it started operations in hyderabad. The types of flexible plans are: a) Being available in core hours at office and remaining time can be considered flexi time b) Geographically dispersed work teams working from their location. c) Individuals taken up as special cases and would be considered working from home for a limited period – like employees who have small children etc. d) During unexpected incidents like band’s, curfews etc also flexi working from home had been considered. Let us look into this flexible plans in detail: a) Being available in core hours at office and remaining time can be considered flexi time: Here the employees can work (eg between 10 am and 4 pm), at office and whilst the rest of the working day is â€Å"flexitime†, in which staff can choose to work from anywhere subject to achieving total daily, weekly working hours and should complete the tasks assigned in time. Multiple time options followed by employees were: ? Begin work between 7.00 – 10.00 or 16.00 – 22.00 hours (flexitime can work from anywhere) ? Must be available at office between 10.00 – 14.00 (core working hours) for discussions and meetings on the work. Here there should be an understanding between the employee and their team leader about the arrangement of the time and work items and the employee should be clear about the expectations of his team leader. Their rationale is that as long as an employee’s productivity does not suffer, they have no issues about the number of hours he/she spends in office. They believe that more than observing work patterns, it is important to evaluate output. Similarly they appreciate the need of every employee to balance his/her work and personal life. They believe that it impacts the overall level of motivation, productivity and even influences the engagement levels of the organization. c) Individuals taken up as special cases would be considered working from home for a limited period – like employees who have small children etc.: Navaraga Corporation offers its employees the option to have flexibility in its standard working arrangements. These include family reasons, health reasons, and pursuit of academic/professional courses, which require part time working and are relevant to the company. The policy can be in the form of reduction in the standard working hours to a minimum of 4 hours a day or 20 hours a week. However, the option of allowing employees to avail flexi working hours will largely be determined by their needs of a particular role and at all times, the person must have connectivity. Research Papers on Flexi Timings for Employees in an IT OrganizationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaTwilight of the UAWResearch Process Part OneIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Lab 4 Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

4 - Lab Report Example In other words the more yeast put in the Hydrogen Peroxide the more violent the reaction; therefore, giving off more oxygen. This is because of the reaction theory (the rate of a reaction depends on how often and how hard the reacting particles collide with each other) Response to Question 3 As the concentration f the enzymes decreases, so does the speed and vigor of the reaction. This is evidenced from the low volume of oxygen produced in tube 3 with less enzyme concentration. As the enzyme concentration decreases, the rate of reaction also decreases because there are fewer enzymes present to break down the substrate. Response to Question 4 More enzyme activity is expected if the substrate concentration is decreased. When there are low concentrations of substrate there is a linear relationship between the reaction rate and substrate concentration. In these conditions the relation of catalase enzyme to hydrogen peroxide substrate molecules is high. Experiment 2: Effect of temperature on enzyme activity. Data Table 2: Effect of temperature on the production of gas Tube Temperature ?C Balloon diameter (cm) Refrigerator 6 5.0 Room temperature 23 12.5 Hot water 90 1.0 Response to Question 1 The enzyme in this experiment is catalase enzyme and hydrogen peroxide is the substrate. Response to Question 2 The rate of enzyme catalyzed reaction tends to  increase with the increasing temperature of reaction medium. Enzymes are known to be proteins, they are gradually denatured thus lose their activity at the temperatures beyond their optimum temperature. In this case, catalase enzyme’s maximum activity is around 37? degrees Celsius. At extremely low temperatures, the reactants move around slower because of having less kinetic energy. This means that collisions occurring between the substrate and catalase enzyme active site happen less resulting in reduced enzyme-substrate complexes, therefore, slow down the reaction. An increase in temperature causes the reactants to have more kinetic energy. They, therefore, end up moving around faster and the movements cause more collisions between the substrate and active site of the enzyme. Therefore, there shall be more enzyme-substrate complexes taking place hence speeding up the reaction. Temperatures above the optimum alter the shape of the active site of enzymes. This  causes the temperature to denature the enzyme. In effect, enzyme-substrates would not be created due to the substrate not fitting in the active site. Denaturing the enzyme would mean that the tertiary structure is altered, which would end up causing the reaction process to stop completely. Response to Question 3. Yes plants and animals have the enzymes that breakdown hydrogen peroxide. Response to Question 4 Maintaining an optimum temperature of about 37 degrees Celsius increases the enzyme activity. Response to Question 5. The presence of catalase enzyme in cells catalyses the toxic hydrogen peroxide to non toxic products that incl ude, water and Oxygen. Hydrogen Peroxide ----–catalase enzyme---- Water + Oxygen. Response to Question 6 Experiment to determine the optimal temperature for enzyme function The experiment would be set up as below. First, set up the water bath; secondly, place a thermometer in the water bath so that the proper temperature is maintained. 0-5degrees Celsius: 400mL beaker to be filled with water and ice 20-25 degrees Celsius: No water bath is required to maintain the room

Write a report to your Departmental Manager on the Implementation of Coursework

Write a report to your Departmental Manager on the Implementation of Effective Job Design within the Organisation - Coursework Example Inadequately designed jobs often bring about dullness and consequently increased turnover, demotivation, low levels of job contentment, diminished efficiency, and an escalation in organizational costs. Many of these undesirable concerns could be circumvented or reduced through effective job design or proper detection of major job constituents. Businessdictionary.com defines job design as â€Å"Work arrangement (or rearrangement) aimed at reducing or overcoming job dissatisfaction and employee alienation arising from repetitive and mechanistic tasks. Through job design, organizations try to raise productivity levels by offering non-monetary rewards such as greater satisfaction from a sense of personal achievement in meeting the increased challenge and responsibility of ones work. Job enlargement, job enrichment, job rotation, and job simplification are the various techniques used in a job design exercise.† There are broadly two approaches to job design which is based on two different schools of thoughts. The first method involves fitting individuals to jobs. It is founded upon the hypothesis that people can be modified to any work condition. Thus employee attitudes towards the job are overlooked and jobs are aimed at producing maximum economic and technological productivity. This methodology uses the doctrines of scientific management and work simplification. In contrast, the second method involves fitting jobs to individuals. It is centered upon the theory that individuals are underutilized at the task and long for more challenges and accountability. Practices such as job rotation, job enlargement, etc. are used while designing jobs under the second alternative. The scientific management approach was devised by F.W. Taylor. The approach is based on the application of scientific principles to job design. Work, according to this approach should be scientifically analyzed and fragmented into predetermined tasks. Taylor supports job specialization